hello world

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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
==========================
Version 3, 29 June 2007
Copyright &copy; 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. &lt;<https://www.fsf.org/>&gt;
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license
document, but changing it is not allowed.
## Preamble
The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for software and other
kinds of works.
The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed to take away
your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast, the GNU General Public
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change all versions of a
program--to make sure it remains free software for all its users. We, the Free
Software Foundation, use the GNU General Public License for most of our software; it
applies also to any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to
your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General
Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute
copies of free software (and charge for them if you wish), that you receive source
code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of
it in new free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you these rights or
asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you have certain responsibilities if
you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it: responsibilities to
respect the freedom of others.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee,
you must pass on to the recipients the same freedoms that you received. You must make
sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these
terms so they know their rights.
Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps: (1) assert
copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License giving you legal permission
to copy, distribute and/or modify it.
For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains that there is
no warranty for this free software. For both users' and authors' sake, the GPL
requires that modified versions be marked as changed, so that their problems will not
be attributed erroneously to authors of previous versions.
Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run modified versions of
the software inside them, although the manufacturer can do so. This is fundamentally
incompatible with the aim of protecting users' freedom to change the software. The
systematic pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to
use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable. Therefore, we have designed
this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those products. If such problems
arise substantially in other domains, we stand ready to extend this provision to
those domains in future versions of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of
users.
Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents. States should
not allow patents to restrict development and use of software on general-purpose
computers, but in those that do, we wish to avoid the special danger that patents
applied to a free program could make it effectively proprietary. To prevent this, the
GPL assures that patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.
## TERMS AND CONDITIONS
### 0. Definitions.
&ldquo;This License&rdquo; refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
&ldquo;Copyright&rdquo; also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of
works, such as semiconductor masks.
&ldquo;The Program&rdquo; refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this
License. Each licensee is addressed as &ldquo;you&rdquo;. &ldquo;Licensees&rdquo; and
&ldquo;recipients&rdquo; may be individuals or organizations.
To &ldquo;modify&rdquo; a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work in
a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of an exact copy. The
resulting work is called a &ldquo;modified version&rdquo; of the earlier work or a
work &ldquo;based on&rdquo; the earlier work.
A &ldquo;covered work&rdquo; means either the unmodified Program or a work based on
the Program.
To &ldquo;propagate&rdquo; a work means to do anything with it that, without
permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for infringement under
applicable copyright law, except executing it on a computer or modifying a private
copy. Propagation includes copying, distribution (with or without modification),
making available to the public, and in some countries other activities as well.
To &ldquo;convey&rdquo; a work means any kind of propagation that enables other
parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user through a computer
network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying.
An interactive user interface displays &ldquo;Appropriate Legal Notices&rdquo; to the
extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible feature that (1)
displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2) tells the user that there is no
warranty for the work (except to the extent that warranties are provided), that
licensees may convey the work under this License, and how to view a copy of this
License. If the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a
menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.
### 1. Source Code.
The &ldquo;source code&rdquo; for a work means the preferred form of the work for
making modifications to it. &ldquo;Object code&rdquo; means any non-source form of a
work.
A &ldquo;Standard Interface&rdquo; means an interface that either is an official
standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of interfaces
specified for a particular programming language, one that is widely used among
developers working in that language.
The &ldquo;System Libraries&rdquo; of an executable work include anything, other than
the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of packaging a Major
Component, but which is not part of that Major Component, and (b) serves only to
enable use of the work with that Major Component, or to implement a Standard
Interface for which an implementation is available to the public in source code form.
A &ldquo;Major Component&rdquo;, in this context, means a major essential component
(kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system (if any) on which
the executable work runs, or a compiler used to produce the work, or an object code
interpreter used to run it.
The &ldquo;Corresponding Source&rdquo; for a work in object code form means all the
source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable work) run the object
code and to modify the work, including scripts to control those activities. However,
it does not include the work's System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or
generally available free programs which are used unmodified in performing those
activities but which are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding Source
includes interface definition files associated with source files for the work, and
the source code for shared libraries and dynamically linked subprograms that the work
is specifically designed to require, such as by intimate data communication or
control flow between those subprograms and other parts of the work.
The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users can regenerate
automatically from other parts of the Corresponding Source.
The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that same work.
### 2. Basic Permissions.
All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of copyright on the
Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated conditions are met. This License
explicitly affirms your unlimited permission to run the unmodified Program. The
output from running a covered work is covered by this License only if the output,
given its content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your rights
of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not convey, without
conditions so long as your license otherwise remains in force. You may convey covered
works to others for the sole purpose of having them make modifications exclusively
for you, or provide you with facilities for running those works, provided that you
comply with the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do not
control copyright. Those thus making or running the covered works for you must do so
exclusively on your behalf, under your direction and control, on terms that prohibit
them from making any copies of your copyrighted material outside their relationship
with you.
Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under the conditions
stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10 makes it unnecessary.
### 3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.
No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological measure under any
applicable law fulfilling obligations under article 11 of the WIPO copyright treaty
adopted on 20 December 1996, or similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention
of such measures.
When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid circumvention of
technological measures to the extent such circumvention is effected by exercising
rights under this License with respect to the covered work, and you disclaim any
intention to limit operation or modification of the work as a means of enforcing,
against the work's users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention
of technological measures.
### 4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.
You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any
medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an
appropriate copyright notice; keep intact all notices stating that this License and
any non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code; keep
intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all recipients a copy of
this License along with the Program.
You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey, and you may offer
support or warranty protection for a fee.
### 5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.
You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to produce it from
the Program, in the form of source code under the terms of section 4, provided that
you also meet all of these conditions:
* **a)** The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified it, and giving a
relevant date.
* **b)** The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is released under this
License and any conditions added under section 7. This requirement modifies the
requirement in section 4 to &ldquo;keep intact all notices&rdquo;.
* **c)** You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this License to anyone who
comes into possession of a copy. This License will therefore apply, along with any
applicable section 7 additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts,
regardless of how they are packaged. This License gives no permission to license the
work in any other way, but it does not invalidate such permission if you have
separately received it.
* **d)** If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display Appropriate Legal
Notices; however, if the Program has interactive interfaces that do not display
Appropriate Legal Notices, your work need not make them do so.
A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent works, which are
not by their nature extensions of the covered work, and which are not combined with
it such as to form a larger program, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution
medium, is called an &ldquo;aggregate&rdquo; if the compilation and its resulting
copyright are not used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users
beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work in an aggregate
does not cause this License to apply to the other parts of the aggregate.
### 6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms of sections 4 and
5, provided that you also convey the machine-readable Corresponding Source under the
terms of this License, in one of these ways:
* **a)** Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including a
physical distribution medium), accompanied by the Corresponding Source fixed on a
durable physical medium customarily used for software interchange.
* **b)** Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including a
physical distribution medium), accompanied by a written offer, valid for at least
three years and valid for as long as you offer spare parts or customer support for
that product model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a copy of
the Corresponding Source for all the software in the product that is covered by this
License, on a durable physical medium customarily used for software interchange, for
a price no more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this conveying of
source, or (2) access to copy the Corresponding Source from a network server at no
charge.
* **c)** Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the written offer to
provide the Corresponding Source. This alternative is allowed only occasionally and
noncommercially, and only if you received the object code with such an offer, in
accord with subsection 6b.
* **d)** Convey the object code by offering access from a designated place (gratis or for
a charge), and offer equivalent access to the Corresponding Source in the same way
through the same place at no further charge. You need not require recipients to copy
the Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to copy the object
code is a network server, the Corresponding Source may be on a different server
(operated by you or a third party) that supports equivalent copying facilities,
provided you maintain clear directions next to the object code saying where to find
the Corresponding Source. Regardless of what server hosts the Corresponding Source,
you remain obligated to ensure that it is available for as long as needed to satisfy
these requirements.
* **e)** Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided you inform
other peers where the object code and Corresponding Source of the work are being
offered to the general public at no charge under subsection 6d.
A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded from the
Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be included in conveying the
object code work.
A &ldquo;User Product&rdquo; is either (1) a &ldquo;consumer product&rdquo;, which
means any tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family, or
household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation into a
dwelling. In determining whether a product is a consumer product, doubtful cases
shall be resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular product received by a
particular user, &ldquo;normally used&rdquo; refers to a typical or common use of
that class of product, regardless of the status of the particular user or of the way
in which the particular user actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the
product. A product is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has
substantial commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent
the only significant mode of use of the product.
&ldquo;Installation Information&rdquo; for a User Product means any methods,
procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install and execute
modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from a modified version of
its Corresponding Source. The information must suffice to ensure that the continued
functioning of the modified object code is in no case prevented or interfered with
solely because modification has been made.
If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or specifically for
use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as part of a transaction in which
the right of possession and use of the User Product is transferred to the recipient
in perpetuity or for a fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is
characterized), the Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be
accompanied by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply if
neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install modified object code
on the User Product (for example, the work has been installed in ROM).
The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a requirement to
continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates for a work that has been
modified or installed by the recipient, or for the User Product in which it has been
modified or installed. Access to a network may be denied when the modification itself
materially and adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules
and protocols for communication across the network.
Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided, in accord with
this section must be in a format that is publicly documented (and with an
implementation available to the public in source code form), and must require no
special password or key for unpacking, reading or copying.
### 7. Additional Terms.
&ldquo;Additional permissions&rdquo; are terms that supplement the terms of this
License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions. Additional
permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall be treated as though they
were included in this License, to the extent that they are valid under applicable
law. If additional permissions apply only to part of the Program, that part may be
used separately under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
this License without regard to the additional permissions.
When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option remove any
additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of it. (Additional
permissions may be written to require their own removal in certain cases when you
modify the work.) You may place additional permissions on material, added by you to a
covered work, for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you add to a
covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of that material)
supplement the terms of this License with terms:
* **a)** Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the terms of
sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
* **b)** Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or author
attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal Notices displayed by works
containing it; or
* **c)** Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or requiring that
modified versions of such material be marked in reasonable ways as different from the
original version; or
* **d)** Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or authors of the
material; or
* **e)** Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some trade names,
trademarks, or service marks; or
* **f)** Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that material by anyone
who conveys the material (or modified versions of it) with contractual assumptions of
liability to the recipient, for any liability that these contractual assumptions
directly impose on those licensors and authors.
All other non-permissive additional terms are considered &ldquo;further
restrictions&rdquo; within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you received
it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is governed by this License
along with a term that is a further restriction, you may remove that term. If a
license document contains a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying
under this License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms of
that license document, provided that the further restriction does not survive such
relicensing or conveying.
If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you must place, in
the relevant source files, a statement of the additional terms that apply to those
files, or a notice indicating where to find the applicable terms.
Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the form of a
separately written license, or stated as exceptions; the above requirements apply
either way.
### 8. Termination.
You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly provided under
this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or modify it is void, and will
automatically terminate your rights under this License (including any patent licenses
granted under the third paragraph of section 11).
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from a
particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and until the
copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently,
if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means
prior to 60 days after the cessation.
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated permanently
if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some reasonable means, this
is the first time you have received notice of violation of this License (for any
work) from that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
your receipt of the notice.
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the licenses of
parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License. If your
rights have been terminated and not permanently reinstated, you do not qualify to
receive new licenses for the same material under section 10.
### 9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run a copy of the
Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work occurring solely as a consequence of
using peer-to-peer transmission to receive a copy likewise does not require
acceptance. However, nothing other than this License grants you permission to
propagate or modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do not
accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a covered work, you
indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
### 10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically receives a license
from the original licensors, to run, modify and propagate that work, subject to this
License. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with this
License.
An &ldquo;entity transaction&rdquo; is a transaction transferring control of an
organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an organization, or
merging organizations. If propagation of a covered work results from an entity
transaction, each party to that transaction who receives a copy of the work also
receives whatever licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or
could give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if the predecessor
has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the rights granted or
affirmed under this License. For example, you may not impose a license fee, royalty,
or other charge for exercise of rights granted under this License, and you may not
initiate litigation (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging
that any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for sale, or
importing the Program or any portion of it.
### 11. Patents.
A &ldquo;contributor&rdquo; is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The work thus
licensed is called the contributor's &ldquo;contributor version&rdquo;.
A contributor's &ldquo;essential patent claims&rdquo; are all patent claims owned or
controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or hereafter acquired, that
would be infringed by some manner, permitted by this License, of making, using, or
selling its contributor version, but do not include claims that would be infringed
only as a consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For
purposes of this definition, &ldquo;control&rdquo; includes the right to grant patent
sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License.
Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free patent license
under the contributor's essential patent claims, to make, use, sell, offer for sale,
import and otherwise run, modify and propagate the contents of its contributor
version.
In the following three paragraphs, a &ldquo;patent license&rdquo; is any express
agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent (such as an
express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to sue for patent
infringement). To &ldquo;grant&rdquo; such a patent license to a party means to make
such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a patent against the party.
If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license, and the
Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone to copy, free of charge
and under the terms of this License, through a publicly available network server or
other readily accessible means, then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding
Source to be so available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner consistent with
the requirements of this License, to extend the patent license to downstream
recipients. &ldquo;Knowingly relying&rdquo; means you have actual knowledge that, but
for the patent license, your conveying the covered work in a country, or your
recipient's use of the covered work in a country, would infringe one or more
identifiable patents in that country that you have reason to believe are valid.
If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or arrangement, you
convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a covered work, and grant a patent
license to some of the parties receiving the covered work authorizing them to use,
propagate, modify or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent
license you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered work and
works based on it.
A patent license is &ldquo;discriminatory&rdquo; if it does not include within the
scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on the
non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are specifically granted under this
License. You may not convey a covered work if you are a party to an arrangement with
a third party that is in the business of distributing software, under which you make
payment to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the
work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the parties who would receive
the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent license (a) in connection with
copies of the covered work conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b)
primarily for and in connection with specific products or compilations that contain
the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent license
was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting any implied
license or other defenses to infringement that may otherwise be available to you
under applicable patent law.
### 12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise)
that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the
conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a covered work so as to satisfy
simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent
obligations, then as a consequence you may not convey it at all. For example, if you
agree to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying from
those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms
and this License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
### 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have permission to link or
combine any covered work with a work licensed under version 3 of the GNU Affero
General Public License into a single combined work, and to convey the resulting work.
The terms of this License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered
work, but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, section
13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the combination as such.
### 14. Revised Versions of this License.
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU
General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit
to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies that
a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public License &ldquo;or any later
version&rdquo; applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and
conditions either of that numbered version or of any later version published by the
Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the GNU
General Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free
Software Foundation.
If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of the GNU
General Public License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a
version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Program.
Later license versions may give you additional or different permissions. However, no
additional obligations are imposed on any author or copyright holder as a result of
your choosing to follow a later version.
### 15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.
EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
PROVIDE THE PROGRAM &ldquo;AS IS&rdquo; WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE
QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE
DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
### 16. Limitation of Liability.
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY
COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS
PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL,
INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE
PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE
OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE
WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
### 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above cannot be
given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing courts shall apply local
law that most closely approximates an absolute waiver of all civil liability in
connection with the Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies
a copy of the Program in return for a fee.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
## How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to
the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone
can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them
to the start of each source file to most effectively state the exclusion of warranty;
and each file should have at least the &ldquo;copyright&rdquo; line and a pointer to
where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short notice like this
when it starts in an interactive mode:
<program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type 'show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type 'show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands 'show w' and 'show c' should show the appropriate parts of
the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands might be different;
for a GUI interface, you would use an &ldquo;about box&rdquo;.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, if any, to
sign a &ldquo;copyright disclaimer&rdquo; for the program, if necessary. For more
information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
&lt;<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>&gt;.
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it
more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is
what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this
License. But first, please read
&lt;<https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>&gt;.

14
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# Pwnagotchi
Pwnagotchi is an "AI" that learns from the WiFi environment and instruments bettercap in order to maximize the number of WPA handshakes captured. Specifically, it's using an [LSTM with MLP feature extractor](https://stable-baselines.readthedocs.io/en/master/modules/policies.html#stable_baselines.common.policies.MlpLstmPolicy) as its policy network for the [A2C agent](https://stable-baselines.readthedocs.io/en/master/modules/a2c.html)
## Documentation
** THIS IS STILL ALPHA STAGE SOFTWARE, IF YOU DECIDE TO TRY TO USE IT, YOU ARE ON YOUR OWN, NO SUPPORT WILL BE PROVIDED, NEITHER FOR INSTALLATION OR FOR BUGS **
## License
`pwnagotchi` is made with ♥ by [@evilsocket](https://twitter.com/evilsocket) and it's released under the GPL3 license.

1
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dwc_otg.lpm_enable=0 console=serial0,115200 console=tty1 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootfstype=ext4 elevator=deadline fsck.repair=yes rootwait modules-load=dwc2,g_ether

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alpha

6
sdcard/rootfs/etc/hosts Normal file
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127.0.0.1 localhost alpha alpha.local
::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters

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sdcard/rootfs/etc/motd Normal file
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(◕‿‿◕) alpha (pwnagotchi)

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auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
allow-hotplug wlan0
iface wlan0 inet static
allow-hotplug usb0
iface usb0 inet static
address 10.0.0.2
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 10.0.0.0
broadcast 10.0.0.255
gateway 10.0.0.1

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#!/bin/sh -e
#
# rc.local
#
# This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.
# Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other
# value on error.
#
# In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution
# bits.
#
# By default this script does nothing.
/root/pwnagotchi/scripts/startup.sh &
exit 0

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# $OpenBSD: sshd_config,v 1.103 2018/04/09 20:41:22 tj Exp $
# This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file. See
# sshd_config(5) for more information.
# This sshd was compiled with PATH=/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin
# The strategy used for options in the default sshd_config shipped with
# OpenSSH is to specify options with their default value where
# possible, but leave them commented. Uncommented options override the
# default value.
#Port 22
#AddressFamily any
#ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
#ListenAddress ::
#HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
#HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
#HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
# Ciphers and keying
#RekeyLimit default none
# Logging
#SyslogFacility AUTH
#LogLevel INFO
# Authentication:
#LoginGraceTime 2m
PermitRootLogin yes
#StrictModes yes
#MaxAuthTries 6
#MaxSessions 10
#PubkeyAuthentication yes
# Expect .ssh/authorized_keys2 to be disregarded by default in future.
#AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys .ssh/authorized_keys2
#AuthorizedPrincipalsFile none
#AuthorizedKeysCommand none
#AuthorizedKeysCommandUser nobody
# For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts
#HostbasedAuthentication no
# Change to yes if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for
# HostbasedAuthentication
#IgnoreUserKnownHosts no
# Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files
#IgnoreRhosts yes
# To disable tunneled clear text passwords, change to no here!
#PasswordAuthentication yes
#PermitEmptyPasswords no
# Change to yes to enable challenge-response passwords (beware issues with
# some PAM modules and threads)
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
# Kerberos options
#KerberosAuthentication no
#KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes
#KerberosTicketCleanup yes
#KerberosGetAFSToken no
# GSSAPI options
#GSSAPIAuthentication no
#GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes
#GSSAPIStrictAcceptorCheck yes
#GSSAPIKeyExchange no
# Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing,
# and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will
# be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and
# PasswordAuthentication. Depending on your PAM configuration,
# PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass
# the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password".
# If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without
# PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication
# and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'.
UsePAM yes
#AllowAgentForwarding yes
#AllowTcpForwarding yes
#GatewayPorts no
X11Forwarding yes
#X11DisplayOffset 10
#X11UseLocalhost yes
#PermitTTY yes
PrintMotd no
#PrintLastLog yes
#TCPKeepAlive yes
#PermitUserEnvironment no
#Compression delayed
#ClientAliveInterval 0
#ClientAliveCountMax 3
#UseDNS no
#PidFile /var/run/sshd.pid
#MaxStartups 10:30:100
#PermitTunnel no
#ChrootDirectory none
#VersionAddendum none
# no default banner path
#Banner none
# Allow client to pass locale environment variables
AcceptEnv LANG LC_*
# override default of no subsystems
Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server
# Example of overriding settings on a per-user basis
#Match User anoncvs
# X11Forwarding no
# AllowTcpForwarding no
# PermitTTY no
# ForceCommand cvs server

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# main algorithm configuration
main:
# monitor interface to use
iface: mon0
# command to run to bring the mon interface up in case it's not up already
mon_start_cmd: /usr/bin/monstart
mon_stop_cmd: /usr/bin/monstop
mon_max_blind_epochs: 50
# log file
log: /var/log/pwnagotchi.log
# if true, will not restart the wifi module
no_restart: false
# access points to ignore
whitelist:
- Casa-2.4
- LOTS_OF_MALWARE
# if not null, filter access points by this regular expression
filter: null
# cryptographic key for identity
pubkey: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub
ai:
# if false, only the default 'personality' will be used
enabled: true
path: /root/brain.nn
# 1.0 - laziness = probability of start training
laziness: 0.1
# how many epochs to train on
epochs_per_episode: 50
params:
# discount factor
gamma: 0.99
# the number of steps to run for each environment per update
n_steps: 1
# value function coefficient for the loss calculation
vf_coef: 0.25
# entropy coefficient for the loss calculation
ent_coef: 0.01
# maximum value for the gradient clipping
max_grad_norm: 0.5
# the learning rate
learning_rate: 0.0010
# rmsprop decay parameter
alpha: 0.99
# rmsprop epsilon
epsilon: 0.00001
# the verbosity level: 0 none, 1 training information, 2 tensorflow debug
verbose: 1
# type of scheduler for the learning rate update ('linear', 'constant', 'double_linear_con', 'middle_drop' or 'double_middle_drop')
lr_schedule: 'constant'
# the log location for tensorboard (if None, no logging)
tensorboard_log: null
personality:
# advertise our presence
advertise: true
# perform a deauthentication attack to client stations in order to get full or half handshakes
deauth: true
# send association frames to APs in order to get the PMKID
associate: true
# list of channels to recon on, or empty for all channels
channels: []
# minimum WiFi signal strength in dBm
min_rssi: -200
# number of seconds for wifi.ap.ttl
ap_ttl: 120
# number of seconds for wifi.sta.ttl
sta_ttl: 300
# time in seconds to wait during channel recon
recon_time: 30
# number of inactive epochs after which recon_time gets multiplied by recon_inactive_multiplier
max_inactive_scale: 2
# if more than max_inactive_scale epochs are inactive, recon_time *= recon_inactive_multiplier
recon_inactive_multiplier: 2
# time in seconds to wait during channel hopping if activity has been performed
hop_recon_time: 10
# time in seconds to wait during channel hopping if no activity has been performed
min_recon_time: 5
# maximum amount of deauths/associations per BSSID per session
max_interactions: 3
# maximum amount of misses before considering the data stale and triggering a new recon
max_misses_for_recon: 5
# number of active epochs that triggers the excited state
excited_num_epochs: 10
# number of inactive epochs that triggers the bored state
bored_num_epochs: 15
# number of inactive epochs that triggers the sad state
sad_num_epochs: 25
# ui configuration
ui:
# ePaper display can update every 3 secs anyway
fps: 0.3
display:
enabled: true
rotation: 180
video:
enabled: true
address: '10.0.0.2'
port: 8080
# twitter bot data
twitter:
enabled: false
consumer_key: aaa
consumer_secret: aaa
access_token_key: aaa
access_token_secret: aaa
# bettercap rest api configuration
bettercap:
# api scheme://hostname:port username and password
scheme: http
hostname: localhost
port: 8081
username: user
password: pass
# folder where bettercap stores the WPA handshakes, given that
# wifi.handshakes.aggregate will be set to false and individual
# pcap files will be created in order to minimize the chances
# of a single pcap file to get corrupted
handshakes: /root/handshakes
# events to mute in bettercap's events stream
silence:
- ble.device.new
- ble.device.lost
- ble.device.disconnected
- ble.device.connected
- ble.device.service.discovered
- ble.device.characteristic.discovered
- wifi.client.new
- wifi.client.lost
- wifi.client.probe
- wifi.ap.new
- wifi.ap.lost
- mod.started

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defutf8 on
shell -${SHELL}
defscrollback 1024
startup_message off
altscreen on
autodetach on
activity "activity in %n (%t)"
bell_msg "bell in %n (%t)"
vbell on
vbell_msg "WTF DUDE ??!!"
vbellwait 1
# set terminal emulator to xterm mode
term xterm
# Make the output buffer large for (fast) xterms.
termcapinfo xterm* ti@:te@
# tell screen how to set colors
termcapinfo xterm 'Co#256:AB=\E[48;5;%dm:AF=\E[38;5;%dm'
# allow bold colors
attrcolor b ".I"
# erase background with current bg color
defbce "on"
# ctrl + { left, right }
bindkey ^[[1;5D prev
bindkey ^[[1;5C next
bindkey ^[[5D prev
bindkey ^[[5C next
bindkey ^[b prev
bindkey ^[f next
bindkey ^[[D prev
bindkey ^[[C next
screen -t shell
screen -t auto-mode /bin/bash -c "/root/pwnagotchi/scripts/main.py"
screen -t bettercap /usr/bin/bettercap -caplet http-ui -eval "!/usr/bin/monstart; set wifi.interface mon0"
select log
backtick 1 0 0 cpuusage
backtick 2 5 5 memusage
hardstatus alwayslastline
hardstatus string '%{= kG}[ %{G}%H %{g}][%= %{= kw}%?%-Lw%?%{r}(%{W}%n*%f%t%?(%u)%?%{r})%{w}%?%+Lw%?%?%= %{g}][cpu %1`][mem %2`][%{B} %m-%d %{W}%c %{g}]'

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defutf8 on
shell -${SHELL}
defscrollback 1024
startup_message off
altscreen on
autodetach on
activity "activity in %n (%t)"
bell_msg "bell in %n (%t)"
vbell on
vbell_msg "WTF DUDE ??!!"
vbellwait 1
# set terminal emulator to xterm mode
term xterm
# Make the output buffer large for (fast) xterms.
termcapinfo xterm* ti@:te@
# tell screen how to set colors
termcapinfo xterm 'Co#256:AB=\E[48;5;%dm:AF=\E[38;5;%dm'
# allow bold colors
attrcolor b ".I"
# erase background with current bg color
defbce "on"
# ctrl + { left, right }
bindkey ^[[1;5D prev
bindkey ^[[1;5C next
bindkey ^[[5D prev
bindkey ^[[5C next
bindkey ^[b prev
bindkey ^[f next
bindkey ^[[D prev
bindkey ^[[C next
screen -t shell
screen -t manual-mode /bin/bash -c "/root/pwnagotchi/scripts/main.py --manual"
screen -t bettercap /usr/bin/bettercap -caplet http-ui -eval "!/usr/bin/monstart; set wifi.interface mon0"
select log
backtick 1 0 0 cpuusage
backtick 2 5 5 memusage
hardstatus alwayslastline
hardstatus string '%{= kG}[ %{G}%H %{g}][%= %{= kw}%?%-Lw%?%{r}(%{W}%n*%f%t%?(%u)%?%{r})%{w}%?%+Lw%?%?%= %{g}][cpu %1`][mem %2`][%{B} %m-%d %{W}%c %{g}]'

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# Default ignored files
/workspace.xml

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<component name="ProjectDictionaryState">
<dictionary name="evilsocket">
<words>
<w>featurize</w>
<w>featurizer</w>
<w>logits</w>
</words>
</dictionary>
</component>

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<component name="InspectionProjectProfileManager">
<settings>
<option name="USE_PROJECT_PROFILE" value="false" />
<version value="1.0" />
</settings>
</component>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project version="4">
<component name="ProjectRootManager" version="2" project-jdk-name="Python 3.6" project-jdk-type="Python SDK" />
</project>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project version="4">
<component name="ProjectModuleManager">
<modules>
<module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/scripts.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/scripts.iml" />
</modules>
</component>
</project>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<module type="PYTHON_MODULE" version="4">
<component name="NewModuleRootManager">
<content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$" />
<orderEntry type="inheritedJdk" />
<orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
</component>
<component name="TestRunnerService">
<option name="PROJECT_TEST_RUNNER" value="Unittests" />
</component>
</module>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project version="4">
<component name="VcsDirectoryMappings">
<mapping directory="$PROJECT_DIR$/../../../../.." vcs="Git" />
</component>
</project>

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import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
import core
class Client(object):
def __init__(self, hostname='localhost', scheme='http', port=8081, username='user', password='pass'):
self.hostname = hostname
self.scheme = scheme
self.port = port
self.username = username
self.password = password
self.url = "%s://%s:%d/api" % (scheme, hostname, port)
self.auth = HTTPBasicAuth(username, password)
def _decode(self, r, verbose_errors=True):
try:
return r.json()
except Exception as e:
if r.status_code == 200:
core.log("error while decoding json: error='%s' resp='%s'" % (e, r.text))
else:
err = "error %d: %s" % (r.status_code, r.text.strip())
if verbose_errors:
core.log(err)
raise Exception(err)
return r.text
def session(self):
r = requests.get("%s/session" % self.url, auth=self.auth)
return self._decode(r)
def events(self):
r = requests.get("%s/events" % self.url, auth=self.auth)
return self._decode(r)
def run(self, command, verbose_errors=True):
r = requests.post("%s/session" % self.url, auth=self.auth, json={'cmd': command})
return self._decode(r, verbose_errors=verbose_errors)

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#!/bin/bash
for i in `seq 1 $1`;
do
echo 0 >/sys/class/leds/led0/brightness
sleep 0.3
echo 1 >/sys/class/leds/led0/brightness
sleep 0.3
done
echo 0 >/sys/class/leds/led0/brightness
sleep 0.3

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import sys
import glob
import os
import time
import subprocess
from threading import Lock
from datetime import datetime
logfile = None
loglock = Lock()
def log(msg):
tstamp = str(datetime.now())
line = "[%s] %s" % (tstamp, msg.rstrip())
print(line)
sys.stdout.flush()
if logfile is not None:
with loglock:
with open(logfile, 'a+t') as fp:
fp.write("%s\n" % line)
def secs_to_hhmmss(secs):
mins, secs = divmod(secs, 60)
hours, mins = divmod(mins, 60)
return '%02d:%02d:%02d' % (hours, mins, secs)
def total_unique_handshakes(path):
expr = os.path.join(path, "*.pcap")
return len(glob.glob(expr))
def iface_address(ifname):
output = subprocess.getoutput("/usr/sbin/ifconfig %s" % ifname)
for line in output.split("\n"):
line = line.strip()
if line.startswith("inet "):
return line.split(' ')[1].strip()
return None
def led(on=True):
with open('/sys/class/leds/led0/brightness', 'w+t') as fp:
fp.write("%d" % (0 if on is True else 1))
def blink(times=1, delay=0.3):
for t in range(0, times):
led(True)
time.sleep(delay)
led(False)
time.sleep(delay)
led(True)

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#!/usr/bin/python3
import argparse
import yaml
import time
import traceback
import core
import pwnagotchi
from pwnagotchi.log import SessionParser
import pwnagotchi.voice as voice
from pwnagotchi.agent import Agent
from pwnagotchi.ui.display import Display
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('-C', '--config', action='store', dest='config', default='/root/pwnagotchi/config.yml')
parser.add_argument('--manual', dest="do_manual", action="store_true", default=False, help="Manual mode.")
parser.add_argument('--clear', dest="do_clear", action="store_true", default=False,
help="Clear the ePaper display and exit.")
args = parser.parse_args()
if args.do_clear:
print("clearing the display ...")
from pwnagotchi.ui.waveshare import EPD
epd = EPD()
epd.init(epd.FULL_UPDATE)
epd.Clear(0xff)
quit()
with open(args.config, 'rt') as fp:
config = yaml.safe_load(fp)
display = Display(config=config, state={'name': '%s>' % pwnagotchi.name()})
agent = Agent(view=display, config=config)
core.log("%s@%s (v%s)" % (pwnagotchi.name(), agent._identity, pwnagotchi.version))
# for key, value in config['personality'].items():
# core.log(" %s: %s" % (key, value))
if args.do_manual:
core.log("entering manual mode ...")
log = SessionParser(config['main']['log'])
core.log("the last session lasted %s (%d completed epochs, trained for %d), average reward:%s (min:%s max:%s)" % (
log.duration_human,
log.epochs,
log.train_epochs,
log.avg_reward,
log.min_reward,
log.max_reward))
while True:
display.on_manual_mode(log)
time.sleep(1)
if config['twitter']['enabled'] and log.is_new() and Agent.is_connected() and log.handshakes > 0:
import tweepy
core.log("detected a new session and internet connectivity!")
picture = '/tmp/pwnagotchi.png'
display.update()
display.image().save(picture, 'png')
display.set('status', 'Tweeting...')
display.update()
try:
auth = tweepy.OAuthHandler(config['twitter']['consumer_key'], config['twitter']['consumer_secret'])
auth.set_access_token(config['twitter']['access_token_key'], config['twitter']['access_token_secret'])
api = tweepy.API(auth)
tweet = voice.on_log_tweet(log)
api.update_with_media(filename=picture, status=tweet)
log.save_session_id()
core.log("tweeted: %s" % tweet)
except Exception as e:
core.log("error: %s" % e)
quit()
core.logfile = config['main']['log']
agent.start_ai()
agent.setup_events()
agent.set_ready()
agent.start_monitor_mode()
agent.start_event_polling()
# print initial stats
agent.next_epoch()
while True:
try:
# recon on all channels
agent.recon()
# get nearby access points grouped by channel
channels = agent.get_access_points_by_channel()
# check for free channels to use
agent.check_channels(channels)
# for each channel
for ch, aps in channels:
agent.set_channel(ch)
if not agent.is_stale() and agent.any_activity():
core.log("%d access points on channel %d" % (len(aps), ch))
# for each ap on this channel
for ap in aps:
# send an association frame in order to get for a PMKID
agent.associate(ap)
# deauth all client stations in order to get a full handshake
for sta in ap['clients']:
agent.deauth(ap, sta)
# An interesting effect of this:
#
# From Pwnagotchi's perspective, the more new access points
# and / or client stations nearby, the longer one epoch of
# its relative time will take ... basically, in Pwnagotchi's universe,
# WiFi electromagnetic fields affect time like gravitational fields
# affect ours ... neat ^_^
agent.next_epoch()
except Exception as e:
core.log("main loop exception: %s" % e)
core.log("%s" % traceback.format_exc())

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import subprocess
version = '1.0.0a'
_name = None
def name():
global _name
if _name is None:
with open('/etc/hostname', 'rt') as fp:
_name = fp.read().strip()
return _name
def mem_usage():
out = subprocess.getoutput("free -m")
for line in out.split("\n"):
line = line.strip()
if line.startswith("Mem:"):
parts = list(map(int, line.split()[1:]))
tot = parts[0]
used = parts[1]
free = parts[2]
return used / tot
return 0
def cpu_load():
with open('/proc/stat', 'rt') as fp:
for line in fp:
line = line.strip()
if line.startswith('cpu '):
parts = list(map(int, line.split()[1:]))
user_n = parts[0]
sys_n = parts[2]
idle_n = parts[3]
tot = user_n + sys_n + idle_n
return (user_n + sys_n) / tot
return 0
def temperature(celsius=True):
with open('/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp', 'rt') as fp:
temp = int(fp.read().strip())
c = int(temp / 1000)
return c if celsius else ((c * (9 / 5)) + 32)

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import time
import json
import os
import re
import socket
from datetime import datetime
import _thread
import core
from bettercap.client import Client
from pwnagotchi.mesh.advertise import AsyncAdvertiser
from pwnagotchi.ai.train import AsyncTrainer
RECOVERY_DATA_FILE = '/root/.pwnagotchi-recovery'
class Agent(Client, AsyncAdvertiser, AsyncTrainer):
def __init__(self, view, config):
Client.__init__(self, config['bettercap']['hostname'],
config['bettercap']['scheme'],
config['bettercap']['port'],
config['bettercap']['username'],
config['bettercap']['password'])
AsyncAdvertiser.__init__(self, config, view)
AsyncTrainer.__init__(self, config)
self._started_at = time.time()
self._filter = None if config['main']['filter'] is None else re.compile(config['main']['filter'])
self._current_channel = 0
self._view = view
self._access_points = []
self._last_pwnd = None
self._history = {}
self._handshakes = {}
@staticmethod
def is_connected():
try:
socket.create_connection(("www.google.com", 80))
return True
except OSError:
pass
return False
def on_ai_ready(self):
self._view.on_ai_ready()
def set_ready(self):
self._view.on_starting()
def set_free_channel(self, channel):
self._view.on_free_channel(channel)
def set_bored(self):
self._view.on_bored()
def set_sad(self):
self._view.on_sad()
def set_excited(self):
self._view.on_excited()
def set_lonely(self):
self._view.on_lonely()
def set_rebooting(self):
self._view.on_rebooting()
def setup_events(self):
core.log("connecting to %s ..." % self.url)
for tag in self._config['bettercap']['silence']:
try:
self.run('events.ignore %s' % tag, verbose_errors=False)
except Exception as e:
pass
def _reset_wifi_settings(self):
mon_iface = self._config['main']['iface']
self.run('set wifi.interface %s' % mon_iface)
self.run('set wifi.ap.ttl %d' % self._config['personality']['ap_ttl'])
self.run('set wifi.sta.ttl %d' % self._config['personality']['sta_ttl'])
self.run('set wifi.rssi.min %d' % self._config['personality']['min_rssi'])
self.run('set wifi.handshakes.file %s' % self._config['bettercap']['handshakes'])
self.run('set wifi.handshakes.aggregate false')
def start_monitor_mode(self):
mon_iface = self._config['main']['iface']
mon_start_cmd = self._config['main']['mon_start_cmd']
restart = not self._config['main']['no_restart']
has_mon = False
while has_mon is False:
s = self.session()
for iface in s['interfaces']:
if iface['name'] == mon_iface:
core.log("found monitor interface: %s" % iface['name'])
has_mon = True
break
if has_mon is False:
if mon_start_cmd is not None and mon_start_cmd != '':
core.log("starting monitor interface ...")
self.run('!%s' % mon_start_cmd)
else:
core.log("waiting for monitor interface %s ..." % mon_iface)
time.sleep(1)
core.log("handshakes will be collected inside %s" % self._config['bettercap']['handshakes'])
self._reset_wifi_settings()
wifi_running = self.is_module_running('wifi')
if wifi_running and restart:
core.log("restarting wifi module ...")
self.restart('wifi.recon')
self.run('wifi.clear')
elif not wifi_running:
core.log("starting wifi module ...")
self.start('wifi.recon')
self.start_advertising()
def wait_for(self, t, sleeping=True):
self._view.wait(t, sleeping)
self._epoch.track(sleep=True, inc=t)
def check_channels(self, channels):
busy_channels = [ch for ch, aps in channels]
# if we're hopping and no filter is configured
if self._config['personality']['channels'] == [] and self._config['main']['filter'] is None:
# check if any of the non overlapping channels is free
for ch in self._epoch.non_overlapping_channels:
if ch not in busy_channels:
self._epoch.non_overlapping_channels[ch] += 1
core.log("channel %d is free from %d epochs" % (ch, self._epoch.non_overlapping_channels[ch]))
elif self._epoch.non_overlapping_channels[ch] > 0:
self._epoch.non_overlapping_channels[ch] -= 1
# report any channel that has been free for at least 3 epochs
for ch, num_epochs_free in self._epoch.non_overlapping_channels.items():
if num_epochs_free >= 3:
core.log("channel %d has been free for %d epochs" % (ch, num_epochs_free))
self.set_free_channel(ch)
def recon(self):
recon_time = self._config['personality']['recon_time']
max_inactive = self._config['personality']['max_inactive_scale']
recon_mul = self._config['personality']['recon_inactive_multiplier']
channels = self._config['personality']['channels']
if self._epoch.inactive_for >= max_inactive:
recon_time *= recon_mul
self._view.set('channel', '*')
if not channels:
self._current_channel = 0
# core.log("RECON %ds" % recon_time)
self.run('wifi.recon.channel clear')
else:
# core.log("RECON %ds ON CHANNELS %s" % (recon_time, ','.join(map(str, channels))))
try:
self.run('wifi.recon.channel %s' % ','.join(map(str, channels)))
except Exception as e:
core.log("error: %s" % e)
self.wait_for(recon_time, sleeping=False)
def _filter_included(self, ap):
return self._filter is None or \
self._filter.match(ap['hostname']) is not None or \
self._filter.match(ap['mac']) is not None
def set_access_points(self, aps):
self._access_points = aps
self._epoch.observe(aps, self._advertiser.peers() if self._advertiser is not None else ())
return self._access_points
def get_access_points(self):
whitelist = self._config['main']['whitelist']
aps = []
try:
s = self.session()
for ap in s['wifi']['aps']:
if ap['hostname'] not in whitelist:
if self._filter_included(ap):
aps.append(ap)
except Exception as e:
core.log("error: %s" % e)
aps.sort(key=lambda ap: ap['channel'])
return self.set_access_points(aps)
def get_access_points_by_channel(self):
aps = self.get_access_points()
channels = self._config['personality']['channels']
grouped = {}
# group by channel
for ap in aps:
ch = ap['channel']
# if we're sticking to a channel, skip anything
# which is not on that channel
if channels != [] and ch not in channels:
continue
if ch not in grouped:
grouped[ch] = [ap]
else:
grouped[ch].append(ap)
# sort by more populated channels
return sorted(grouped.items(), key=lambda kv: len(kv[1]), reverse=True)
def _find_ap_sta_in(self, station_mac, ap_mac, session):
for ap in session['wifi']['aps']:
if ap['mac'] == ap_mac:
for sta in ap['clients']:
if sta['mac'] == station_mac:
return (ap, sta)
return (ap, {'mac': station_mac, 'vendor': ''})
return None
def _update_uptime(self, s):
secs = time.time() - self._started_at
self._view.set('uptime', core.secs_to_hhmmss(secs))
self._view.set('epoch', '%04d' % self._epoch.epoch)
def _update_counters(self):
tot_aps = len(self._access_points)
tot_stas = sum(len(ap['clients']) for ap in self._access_points)
if self._current_channel == 0:
self._view.set('aps', '%d' % tot_aps)
self._view.set('sta', '%d' % tot_stas)
else:
aps_on_channel = len([ap for ap in self._access_points if ap['channel'] == self._current_channel])
stas_on_channel = sum(
[len(ap['clients']) for ap in self._access_points if ap['channel'] == self._current_channel])
self._view.set('aps', '%d (%d)' % (aps_on_channel, tot_aps))
self._view.set('sta', '%d (%d)' % (stas_on_channel, tot_stas))
def _update_handshakes(self, new_shakes=0):
if new_shakes > 0:
self._epoch.track(handshake=True, inc=new_shakes)
tot = core.total_unique_handshakes(self._config['bettercap']['handshakes'])
txt = '%d (%d)' % (len(self._handshakes), tot)
if self._last_pwnd is not None:
txt += ' [%s]' % self._last_pwnd
self._view.set('shakes', txt)
if new_shakes > 0:
self._view.on_handshakes(new_shakes)
def _update_advertisement(self, s):
run_handshakes = len(self._handshakes)
tot_handshakes = core.total_unique_handshakes(self._config['bettercap']['handshakes'])
started = s['started_at'].split('.')[0]
started = datetime.strptime(started, '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S')
started = time.mktime(started.timetuple())
self._advertiser.update({ \
'pwnd_run': run_handshakes,
'pwnd_tot': tot_handshakes,
'uptime': time.time() - started,
'epoch': self._epoch.epoch})
def _update_peers(self):
peer = self._advertiser.closest_peer()
self._view.set_closest_peer(peer)
def _save_recovery_data(self):
core.log("writing recovery data to %s ..." % RECOVERY_DATA_FILE)
with open(RECOVERY_DATA_FILE, 'w') as fp:
data = {
'started_at': self._started_at,
'epoch': self._epoch.epoch,
'history': self._history,
'handshakes': self._handshakes,
'last_pwnd': self._last_pwnd
}
json.dump(data, fp)
def _load_recovery_data(self, delete=True, no_exceptions=True):
try:
with open(RECOVERY_DATA_FILE, 'rt') as fp:
data = json.load(fp)
core.log("found recovery data: %s" % data)
self._started_at = data['started_at']
self._epoch.epoch = data['epoch']
self._handshakes = data['handshakes']
self._history = data['history']
self._last_pwnd = data['last_pwnd']
if delete:
core.log("deleting %s" % RECOVERY_DATA_FILE)
os.unlink(RECOVERY_DATA_FILE)
except:
if not no_exceptions:
raise
def _event_poller(self):
self._load_recovery_data()
self.run('events.clear')
core.log("event polling started ...")
while True:
time.sleep(1)
new_shakes = 0
s = self.session()
self._update_uptime(s)
if self._advertiser is not None:
self._update_advertisement(s)
self._update_peers()
self._update_counters()
try:
for h in [e for e in self.events() if e['tag'] == 'wifi.client.handshake']:
sta_mac = h['data']['station']
ap_mac = h['data']['ap']
key = "%s -> %s" % (sta_mac, ap_mac)
if key not in self._handshakes:
self._handshakes[key] = h
new_shakes += 1
apsta = self._find_ap_sta_in(sta_mac, ap_mac, s)
if apsta is None:
core.log("!!! captured new handshake: %s !!!" % key)
self._last_pwnd = ap_mac
else:
(ap, sta) = apsta
self._last_pwnd = ap['hostname'] if ap['hostname'] != '' and ap[
'hostname'] != '<hidden>' else ap_mac
core.log("!!! captured new handshake on channel %d: %s (%s) -> %s [%s (%s)] !!!" % ( \
ap['channel'],
sta['mac'], sta['vendor'],
ap['hostname'], ap['mac'], ap['vendor']))
except Exception as e:
core.log("error: %s" % e)
finally:
self._update_handshakes(new_shakes)
def start_event_polling(self):
_thread.start_new_thread(self._event_poller, ())
def is_module_running(self, module):
s = self.session()
for m in s['modules']:
if m['name'] == module:
return m['running']
return False
def start(self, module):
self.run('%s on' % module)
def restart(self, module):
self.run('%s off; %s on' % (module, module))
def _has_handshake(self, bssid):
for key in self._handshakes:
if bssid.lower() in key:
return True
return False
def _should_interact(self, who):
if self._has_handshake(who):
return False
elif who not in self._history:
self._history[who] = 1
return True
else:
self._history[who] += 1
return self._history[who] < self._config['personality']['max_interactions']
def _on_miss(self, who):
core.log("it looks like %s is not in range anymore :/" % who)
self._epoch.track(miss=True)
self._view.on_miss(who)
def _on_error(self, who, e):
error = "%s" % e
# when we're trying to associate or deauth something that is not in range anymore
# (if we are moving), we get the following error from bettercap:
# error 400: 50:c7:bf:2e:d3:37 is an unknown BSSID or it is in the association skip list.
if 'is an unknown BSSID' in error:
self._on_miss(who)
else:
core.log("error: %s" % e)
def associate(self, ap, throttle=0):
if self.is_stale():
core.log("recon is stale, skipping assoc(%s)" % ap['mac'])
return
if self._config['personality']['associate'] and self._should_interact(ap['mac']):
self._view.on_assoc(ap)
try:
core.log("sending association frame to %s (%s %s) on channel %d [%d clients]..." % ( \
ap['hostname'], ap['mac'], ap['vendor'], ap['channel'], len(ap['clients'])))
self.run('wifi.assoc %s' % ap['mac'])
self._epoch.track(assoc=True)
except Exception as e:
self._on_error(ap['mac'], e)
if throttle > 0:
time.sleep(throttle)
self._view.on_normal()
def deauth(self, ap, sta, throttle=0):
if self.is_stale():
core.log("recon is stale, skipping deauth(%s)" % sta['mac'])
return
if self._config['personality']['deauth'] and self._should_interact(sta['mac']):
self._view.on_deauth(sta)
try:
core.log("deauthing %s (%s) from %s (%s %s) on channel %d ..." % (
sta['mac'], sta['vendor'], ap['hostname'], ap['mac'], ap['vendor'], ap['channel']))
self.run('wifi.deauth %s' % sta['mac'])
self._epoch.track(deauth=True)
except Exception as e:
self._on_error(sta['mac'], e)
if throttle > 0:
time.sleep(throttle)
self._view.on_normal()
def set_channel(self, channel, verbose=True):
if self.is_stale():
core.log("recon is stale, skipping set_channel(%d)" % channel)
return
# if in the previous loop no client stations has been deauthenticated
# and only association frames have been sent, we don't need to wait
# very long before switching channel as we don't have to wait for
# such client stations to reconnect in order to sniff the handshake.
wait = 0
if self._epoch.did_deauth:
wait = self._config['personality']['hop_recon_time']
elif self._epoch.did_associate:
wait = self._config['personality']['min_recon_time']
if channel != self._current_channel:
if self._current_channel != 0 and wait > 0:
if verbose:
core.log("waiting for %ds on channel %d ..." % (wait, self._current_channel))
self.wait_for(wait)
if verbose and self._epoch.any_activity:
core.log("CHANNEL %d" % channel)
try:
self.run('wifi.recon.channel %d' % channel)
self._current_channel = channel
self._epoch.track(hop=True)
self._view.set('channel', '%d' % channel)
except Exception as e:
core.log("error: %s" % e)
def is_stale(self):
return self._epoch.num_missed > self._config['personality']['max_misses_for_recon']
def any_activity(self):
return self._epoch.any_activity
def _reboot(self):
self.set_rebooting()
self._save_recovery_data()
core.log("rebooting the system ...")
os.system("/usr/bin/sync")
os.system("/usr/sbin/shutdown -r now")
def next_epoch(self):
was_stale = self.is_stale()
did_miss = self._epoch.num_missed
self._epoch.next()
# after X misses during an epoch, set the status to lonely
if was_stale:
core.log("agent missed %d interactions -> lonely" % did_miss)
self.set_lonely()
# after X times being bored, the status is set to sad
elif self._epoch.inactive_for >= self._config['personality']['sad_num_epochs']:
core.log("%d epochs with no activity -> sad" % self._epoch.inactive_for)
self.set_sad()
# after X times being inactive, the status is set to bored
elif self._epoch.inactive_for >= self._config['personality']['bored_num_epochs']:
core.log("%d epochs with no activity -> bored" % self._epoch.inactive_for)
self.set_bored()
# after X times being active, the status is set to happy / excited
elif self._epoch.active_for >= self._config['personality']['excited_num_epochs']:
core.log("%d epochs with activity -> excited" % self._epoch.active_for)
self.set_excited()
if self._epoch.blind_for >= self._config['main']['mon_max_blind_epochs']:
core.log("%d epochs without visible access points -> rebooting ..." % self._epoch.blind_for)
self._reboot()
self._epoch.blind_for = 0

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import os
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/40426502/is-there-a-way-to-suppress-the-messages-tensorflow-prints/40426709
os.environ['TF_CPP_MIN_LOG_LEVEL'] = '3' # or any {'0', '1', '2'}
import warnings
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15777951/how-to-suppress-pandas-future-warning
warnings.simplefilter(action='ignore', category=FutureWarning)
import core
def load(config, agent, epoch, from_disk=True):
config = config['ai']
if not config['enabled']:
core.log("ai disabled")
return False
core.log("[ai] bootstrapping dependencies ...")
from stable_baselines import A2C
from stable_baselines.common.policies import MlpLstmPolicy
from stable_baselines.common.vec_env import DummyVecEnv
import pwnagotchi.ai.gym as wrappers
env = wrappers.Environment(agent, epoch)
env = DummyVecEnv([lambda: env])
core.log("[ai] bootstrapping model ...")
a2c = A2C(MlpLstmPolicy, env, **config['params'])
if from_disk and os.path.exists(config['path']):
core.log("[ai] loading %s ..." % config['path'])
a2c.load(config['path'], env)
else:
core.log("[ai] model created:")
for key, value in config['params'].items():
core.log(" %s: %s" % (key, value))
return a2c

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import time
import threading
import core
import pwnagotchi
import pwnagotchi.mesh.wifi as wifi
from pwnagotchi.ai.reward import RewardFunction
class Epoch(object):
def __init__(self, config):
self.epoch = 0
self.config = config
# how many consecutive epochs with no activity
self.inactive_for = 0
# how many consecutive epochs with activity
self.active_for = 0
# number of epochs with no visible access points
self.blind_for = 0
# did deauth in this epoch in the current channel?
self.did_deauth = False
# number of deauths in this epoch
self.num_deauths = 0
# did associate in this epoch in the current channel?
self.did_associate = False
# number of associations in this epoch
self.num_assocs = 0
# number of assocs or deauths missed
self.num_missed = 0
# did get any handshake in this epoch?
self.did_handshakes = False
# number of handshakes captured in this epoch
self.num_shakes = 0
# number of channels hops
self.num_hops = 0
# number of seconds sleeping
self.num_slept = 0
# any activity at all during this epoch?
self.any_activity = False
# when the current epoch started
self.epoch_started = time.time()
# last epoch duration
self.epoch_duration = 0
# https://www.metageek.com/training/resources/why-channels-1-6-11.html
self.non_overlapping_channels = {1: 0, 6: 0, 11: 0}
# observation vectors
self._observation = {
'aps_histogram': [0.0] * wifi.NumChannels,
'sta_histogram': [0.0] * wifi.NumChannels,
'peers_histogram': [0.0] * wifi.NumChannels
}
self._observation_ready = threading.Event()
self._epoch_data = {}
self._epoch_data_ready = threading.Event()
self._reward = RewardFunction()
def wait_for_epoch_data(self, with_observation=True, timeout=None):
# if with_observation:
# self._observation_ready.wait(timeout)
# self._observation_ready.clear()
self._epoch_data_ready.wait(timeout)
self._epoch_data_ready.clear()
return self._epoch_data if with_observation is False else {**self._observation, **self._epoch_data}
def data(self):
return self._epoch_data
def observe(self, aps, peers):
num_aps = len(aps)
if num_aps == 0:
self.blind_for += 1
else:
self.blind_for = 0
num_aps = len(aps) + 1e-10
num_sta = sum(len(ap['clients']) for ap in aps) + 1e-10
num_peers = len(peers) + 1e-10
aps_per_chan = [0.0] * wifi.NumChannels
sta_per_chan = [0.0] * wifi.NumChannels
peers_per_chan = [0.0] * wifi.NumChannels
for ap in aps:
ch_idx = ap['channel'] - 1
try:
aps_per_chan[ch_idx] += 1.0
sta_per_chan[ch_idx] += len(ap['clients'])
except IndexError as e:
core.log("got data on channel %d, we can store %d channels" % (ap['channel'], wifi.NumChannels))
for peer in peers:
try:
peers_per_chan[peer.last_channel - 1] += 1.0
except IndexError as e:
core.log("got peer data on channel %d, we can store %d channels" % (peer.last_channel, wifi.NumChannels))
# normalize
aps_per_chan = [e / num_aps for e in aps_per_chan]
sta_per_chan = [e / num_sta for e in sta_per_chan]
peers_per_chan = [e / num_peers for e in peers_per_chan]
self._observation = {
'aps_histogram': aps_per_chan,
'sta_histogram': sta_per_chan,
'peers_histogram': peers_per_chan
}
self._observation_ready.set()
def track(self, deauth=False, assoc=False, handshake=False, hop=False, sleep=False, miss=False, inc=1):
if deauth:
self.num_deauths += inc
self.did_deauth = True
self.any_activity = True
if assoc:
self.num_assocs += inc
self.did_associate = True
self.any_activity = True
if miss:
self.num_missed += inc
if hop:
self.num_hops += inc
# these two are used in order to determine the sleep time in seconds
# before switching to a new channel ... if nothing happened so far
# during this epoch on the current channel, we will sleep less
self.did_deauth = False
self.did_associate = False
if handshake:
self.num_shakes += inc
self.did_handshakes = True
if sleep:
self.num_slept += inc
def next(self):
if self.any_activity is False and self.did_handshakes is False:
self.inactive_for += 1
self.active_for = 0
else:
self.active_for += 1
self.inactive_for = 0
now = time.time()
cpu = pwnagotchi.cpu_load()
mem = pwnagotchi.mem_usage()
temp = pwnagotchi.temperature()
self.epoch_duration = now - self.epoch_started
# cache the state of this epoch for other threads to read
self._epoch_data = {
'duration_secs': self.epoch_duration,
'slept_for_secs': self.num_slept,
'blind_for_epochs': self.blind_for,
'inactive_for_epochs': self.inactive_for,
'active_for_epochs': self.active_for,
'missed_interactions': self.num_missed,
'num_hops': self.num_hops,
'num_deauths': self.num_deauths,
'num_associations': self.num_assocs,
'num_handshakes': self.num_shakes,
'cpu_load': cpu,
'mem_usage': mem,
'temperature': temp
}
self._epoch_data['reward'] = self._reward(self.epoch + 1, self._epoch_data)
self._epoch_data_ready.set()
core.log("[epoch %d] duration=%s slept_for=%s blind=%d inactive=%d active=%d hops=%d missed=%d "
"deauths=%d assocs=%d handshakes=%d cpu=%d%% mem=%d%% temperature=%dC reward=%s" % (
self.epoch,
core.secs_to_hhmmss(self.epoch_duration),
core.secs_to_hhmmss(self.num_slept),
self.blind_for,
self.inactive_for,
self.active_for,
self.num_hops,
self.num_missed,
self.num_deauths,
self.num_assocs,
self.num_shakes,
cpu * 100,
mem * 100,
temp,
self._epoch_data['reward']))
self.epoch += 1
self.epoch_started = now
self.did_deauth = False
self.num_deauths = 0
self.did_associate = False
self.num_assocs = 0
self.num_missed = 0
self.did_handshakes = False
self.num_shakes = 0
self.num_hops = 0
self.num_slept = 0
self.any_activity = False

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import numpy as np
import pwnagotchi.mesh.wifi as wifi
MAX_EPOCH_DURATION = 1024
histogram_size = wifi.NumChannels
shape = (1,
# aps per channel
histogram_size +
# clients per channel
histogram_size +
# peers per channel
histogram_size +
# duration
1 +
# inactive
1 +
# active
1 +
# missed
1 +
# hops
1 +
# deauths
1 +
# assocs
1 +
# handshakes
1)
def featurize(state, step):
tot_epochs = step + 1e-10
tot_interactions = (state['num_deauths'] + state['num_associations']) + 1e-10
return np.concatenate((
# aps per channel
state['aps_histogram'],
# clients per channel
state['sta_histogram'],
# peers per channel
state['peers_histogram'],
# duration
[np.clip(state['duration_secs'] / MAX_EPOCH_DURATION, 0.0, 1.0)],
# inactive
[state['inactive_for_epochs'] / tot_epochs],
# active
[state['active_for_epochs'] / tot_epochs],
# missed
[state['missed_interactions'] / tot_interactions],
# hops
[state['num_hops'] / wifi.NumChannels],
# deauths
[state['num_deauths'] / tot_interactions],
# assocs
[state['num_associations'] / tot_interactions],
# handshakes
[state['num_handshakes'] / tot_interactions],
))

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import gym
from gym import spaces
import numpy as np
import core
import pwnagotchi.ai.featurizer as featurizer
import pwnagotchi.ai.reward as reward
from pwnagotchi.ai.parameter import Parameter
class Environment(gym.Env):
metadata = {'render.modes': ['human']}
params = [
# Parameter('advertise', trainable=False),
# Parameter('deauth', trainable=False),
# Parameter('associate', trainable=False),
Parameter('min_rssi', min_value=-200, max_value=-50),
Parameter('ap_ttl', min_value=30, max_value=600),
Parameter('sta_ttl', min_value=60, max_value=300),
Parameter('recon_time', min_value=5, max_value=60),
Parameter('max_inactive_scale', min_value=3, max_value=10),
Parameter('recon_inactive_multiplier', min_value=1, max_value=3),
Parameter('hop_recon_time', min_value=5, max_value=60),
Parameter('min_recon_time', min_value=1, max_value=30),
Parameter('max_interactions', min_value=1, max_value=25),
Parameter('max_misses_for_recon', min_value=3, max_value=10),
Parameter('excited_num_epochs', min_value=5, max_value=30),
Parameter('bored_num_epochs', min_value=5, max_value=30),
Parameter('sad_num_epochs', min_value=5, max_value=30),
] + [
Parameter('_channel_%d' % ch, min_value=0, max_value=1, meta=ch + 1) for ch in
range(featurizer.histogram_size)
]
def __init__(self, agent, epoch):
super(Environment, self).__init__()
self._agent = agent
self._epoch = epoch
self._epoch_num = 0
self._last_render = None
self.last = {
'reward': 0.0,
'observation': None,
'policy': None,
'params': {},
'state': None,
'state_v': None
}
self.action_space = spaces.MultiDiscrete([p.space_size() for p in Environment.params if p.trainable])
self.observation_space = spaces.Box(low=0, high=1, shape=featurizer.shape, dtype=np.float32)
self.reward_range = reward.range
@staticmethod
def policy_size():
return len(list(p for p in Environment.params if p.trainable))
@staticmethod
def policy_to_params(policy):
num = len(policy)
params = {}
assert len(Environment.params) == num
channels = []
for i in range(num):
param = Environment.params[i]
if '_channel' not in param.name:
params[param.name] = param.to_param_value(policy[i])
else:
has_chan = param.to_param_value(policy[i])
# print("%s policy:%s bool:%s" % (param.name, policy[i], has_chan))
chan = param.meta
if has_chan:
channels.append(chan)
params['channels'] = channels
return params
def _next_epoch(self):
# core.log("[ai] waiting for epoch to finish ...")
return self._epoch.wait_for_epoch_data()
def _apply_policy(self, policy):
new_params = Environment.policy_to_params(policy)
self.last['policy'] = policy
self.last['params'] = new_params
self._agent.on_ai_policy(new_params)
def step(self, policy):
# create the parameters from the policy and update
# update them in the algorithm
self._apply_policy(policy)
self._epoch_num += 1
# wait for the algorithm to run with the new parameters
state = self._next_epoch()
self.last['reward'] = state['reward']
self.last['state'] = state
self.last['state_v'] = featurizer.featurize(state, self._epoch_num)
self._agent.on_ai_step()
return self.last['state_v'], self.last['reward'], not self._agent.is_training(), {}
def reset(self):
# core.log("[ai] resetting environment ...")
self._epoch_num = 0
state = self._next_epoch()
self.last['state'] = state
self.last['state_v'] = featurizer.featurize(state, 1)
return self.last['state_v']
def _render_histogram(self, hist):
for ch in range(featurizer.histogram_size):
if hist[ch]:
core.log(" CH %d: %s" % (ch + 1, hist[ch]))
def render(self, mode='human', close=False, force=False):
# when using a vectorialized environment, render gets called twice
# avoid rendering the same data
if self._last_render == self._epoch_num:
return
if not self._agent.is_training() and not force:
return
self._last_render = self._epoch_num
core.log("[ai] --- training epoch %d/%d ---" % (self._epoch_num, self._agent.training_epochs()))
core.log("[ai] REWARD: %f" % self.last['reward'])
# core.log("[ai] policy: %s" % ', '.join("%s:%s" % (name, value) for name, value in self.last['params'].items()))
core.log("[ai] observation:")
for name, value in self.last['state'].items():
if 'histogram' in name:
core.log(" %s" % name.replace('_histogram', ''))
self._render_histogram(value)
# core.log("[ai] outcome:")
# for name, value in self.last['state'].items():
# if 'histogram' not in name:
# core.log(" %s: %s" % (name, value))

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from gym import spaces
class Parameter(object):
def __init__(self, name, value=0.0, min_value=0, max_value=2, meta=None, trainable=True):
self.name = name
self.trainable = trainable
self.meta = meta
self.value = value
self.min_value = min_value
self.max_value = max_value + 1
# gym.space.Discrete is within [0, 1, 2, ..., n-1]
if self.min_value < 0:
self.scale_factor = abs(self.min_value)
elif self.min_value > 0:
self.scale_factor = -self.min_value
else:
self.scale_factor = 0
def space_size(self):
return self.max_value + self.scale_factor
def space(self):
return spaces.Discrete(self.max_value + self.scale_factor)
def to_param_value(self, policy_v):
self.value = policy_v - self.scale_factor
assert self.min_value <= self.value <= self.max_value
return int(self.value)

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import pwnagotchi.mesh.wifi as wifi
range = (-.7, 1.02)
fuck_zero = 1e-20
class RewardFunction(object):
def __call__(self, epoch_n, state):
tot_epochs = epoch_n + fuck_zero
tot_interactions = max(state['num_deauths'] + state['num_associations'], state['num_handshakes']) + fuck_zero
tot_channels = wifi.NumChannels
h = state['num_handshakes'] / tot_interactions
a = .2 * (state['active_for_epochs'] / tot_epochs)
c = .1 * (state['num_hops'] / tot_channels)
b = -.3 * (state['blind_for_epochs'] / tot_epochs)
m = -.3 * (state['missed_interactions'] / tot_interactions)
i = -.2 * (state['inactive_for_epochs'] / tot_epochs)
return h + a + c + b + i + m

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import _thread
import threading
import time
import random
import os
import json
import core
import pwnagotchi.ai as ai
from pwnagotchi.ai.epoch import Epoch
class Stats(object):
def __init__(self, path, events_receiver):
self._lock = threading.Lock()
self._receiver = events_receiver
self.path = path
self.born_at = time.time()
# total epochs lived (trained + just eval)
self.epochs_lived = 0
# total training epochs
self.epochs_trained = 0
self.worst_reward = 0.0
self.best_reward = 0.0
self.load()
def on_epoch(self, data, training):
best_r = False
worst_r = False
with self._lock:
reward = data['reward']
if reward < self.worst_reward:
self.worst_reward = reward
worst_r = True
elif reward > self.best_reward:
best_r = True
self.best_reward = reward
self.epochs_lived += 1
if training:
self.epochs_trained += 1
self.save()
if best_r:
self._receiver.on_ai_best_reward(reward)
elif worst_r:
self._receiver.on_ai_worst_reward(reward)
def load(self):
with self._lock:
if os.path.exists(self.path):
core.log("[ai] loading %s" % self.path)
with open(self.path, 'rt') as fp:
obj = json.load(fp)
self.born_at = obj['born_at']
self.epochs_lived, self.epochs_trained = obj['epochs_lived'], obj['epochs_trained']
self.best_reward, self.worst_reward = obj['rewards']['best'], obj['rewards']['worst']
def save(self):
with self._lock:
core.log("[ai] saving %s" % self.path)
with open(self.path, 'wt') as fp:
json.dump({
'born_at': self.born_at,
'epochs_lived': self.epochs_lived,
'epochs_trained': self.epochs_trained,
'rewards': {
'best': self.best_reward,
'worst': self.worst_reward
}
}, fp)
class AsyncTrainer(object):
def __init__(self, config):
self._config = config
self._model = None
self._epoch = Epoch(config)
self._is_training = False
self._training_epochs = 0
self._nn_path = self._config['ai']['path']
self._stats = Stats("%s.json" % os.path.splitext(self._nn_path)[0], self)
def set_training(self, training, for_epochs=0):
self._is_training = training
self._training_epochs = for_epochs
def is_training(self):
return self._is_training
def training_epochs(self):
return self._training_epochs
def start_ai(self):
_thread.start_new_thread(self._ai_worker, ())
def _save_ai(self):
core.log("[ai] saving model to %s ..." % self._nn_path)
self._model.save(self._nn_path)
def on_ai_step(self):
self._model.env.render()
if self._is_training:
self._save_ai()
self._stats.on_epoch(self._epoch.data(), self._is_training)
def on_ai_training_step(self, _locals, _globals):
self._model.env.render()
def on_ai_policy(self, new_params):
core.log("[ai] setting new policy:")
for name, value in new_params.items():
if name in self._config['personality']:
curr_value = self._config['personality'][name]
if curr_value != value:
core.log("[ai] ! %s: %s -> %s" % (name, curr_value, value))
self._config['personality'][name] = value
else:
core.log("[ai] param %s not in personality configuration!" % name)
self.run('set wifi.ap.ttl %d' % self._config['personality']['ap_ttl'])
self.run('set wifi.sta.ttl %d' % self._config['personality']['sta_ttl'])
self.run('set wifi.rssi.min %d' % self._config['personality']['min_rssi'])
def on_ai_best_reward(self, r):
core.log("[ai] best reward so far: %s" % r)
self._view.on_motivated(r)
def on_ai_worst_reward(self, r):
core.log("[ai] worst reward so far: %s" % r)
self._view.on_demotivated(r)
def _ai_worker(self):
self._model = ai.load(self._config, self, self._epoch)
self.on_ai_ready()
epochs_per_episode = self._config['ai']['epochs_per_episode']
obs = None
while True:
self._model.env.render()
# enter in training mode?
if random.random() > self._config['ai']['laziness']:
core.log("[ai] learning for %d epochs ..." % epochs_per_episode)
try:
self.set_training(True, epochs_per_episode)
self._model.learn(total_timesteps=epochs_per_episode, callback=self.on_ai_training_step)
except Exception as e:
core.log("[ai] error while training: %s" % e)
finally:
self.set_training(False)
obs = self._model.env.reset()
# init the first time
elif obs is None:
obs = self._model.env.reset()
# run the inference
action, _ = self._model.predict(obs)
obs, _, _, _ = self._model.env.step(action)

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import numpy as np
def normalize(v, min_v, max_v):
return (v - min_v) / (max_v - min_v)
def as_batches(x, y, batch_size, shuffle=True):
x_size = len(x)
assert x_size == len(y)
indices = np.random.permutation(x_size) if shuffle else None
for offset in range(0, x_size - batch_size + 1, batch_size):
excerpt = indices[offset:offset + batch_size] if shuffle else slice(offset, offset + batch_size)
yield x[excerpt], y[excerpt]

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import os
import hashlib
import time
import re
from datetime import datetime
from pwnagotchi.mesh.peer import Peer
from file_read_backwards import FileReadBackwards
LAST_SESSION_FILE = '/root/.pwnagotchi-last-session'
class SessionParser(object):
EPOCH_TOKEN = '[epoch '
EPOCH_PARSER = re.compile(r'^\s*\[epoch (\d+)\] (.+)')
EPOCH_DATA_PARSER = re.compile(r'([a-z_]+)=([^\s]+)')
TRAINING_TOKEN = ' training epoch '
START_TOKEN = 'connecting to http'
DEAUTH_TOKEN = 'deauthing '
ASSOC_TOKEN = 'sending association frame to '
HANDSHAKE_TOKEN = '!!! captured new handshake '
PEER_TOKEN = 'detected unit '
def _get_last_saved_session_id(self):
saved = ''
try:
with open(LAST_SESSION_FILE, 'rt') as fp:
saved = fp.read().strip()
except:
saved = ''
return saved
def save_session_id(self):
with open(LAST_SESSION_FILE, 'w+t') as fp:
fp.write(self.last_session_id)
self.last_saved_session_id = self.last_session_id
def _parse_datetime(self, dt):
dt = datetime.strptime(dt.split('.')[0], '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
return time.mktime(dt.timetuple())
def _parse_stats(self):
self.duration = ''
self.duration_human = ''
self.deauthed = 0
self.associated = 0
self.handshakes = 0
self.epochs = 0
self.train_epochs = 0
self.peers = 0
self.last_peer = None
self.min_reward = 1000
self.max_reward = -1000
self.avg_reward = 0
started_at = None
stopped_at = None
cache = {}
for line in self.last_session:
parts = line.split(']')
if len(parts) < 2:
continue
line_timestamp = parts[0].strip('[')
line = ']'.join(parts[1:])
stopped_at = self._parse_datetime(line_timestamp)
if started_at is None:
started_at = stopped_at
if SessionParser.DEAUTH_TOKEN in line and line not in cache:
self.deauthed += 1
cache[line] = 1
elif SessionParser.ASSOC_TOKEN in line and line not in cache:
self.associated += 1
cache[line] = 1
elif SessionParser.HANDSHAKE_TOKEN in line and line not in cache:
self.handshakes += 1
cache[line] = 1
elif SessionParser.TRAINING_TOKEN in line:
self.train_epochs += 1
elif SessionParser.EPOCH_TOKEN in line:
self.epochs += 1
m = SessionParser.EPOCH_PARSER.findall(line)
if m:
epoch_num, epoch_data = m[0]
m = SessionParser.EPOCH_DATA_PARSER.findall(epoch_data)
for key, value in m:
if key == 'reward':
reward = float(value)
self.avg_reward += reward
if reward < self.min_reward:
self.min_reward = reward
elif reward > self.max_reward:
self.max_reward = reward
elif SessionParser.PEER_TOKEN in line:
m = self._peer_parser.findall(line)
if m:
name, pubkey, rssi, sid, pwnd_tot, uptime = m[0]
if pubkey not in cache:
self.last_peer = Peer(sid, 1, int(rssi),
{'name': name,
'identity': pubkey,
'pwnd_tot': int(pwnd_tot)})
self.peers += 1
cache[pubkey] = self.last_peer
else:
cache[pubkey].adv['pwnd_tot'] = pwnd_tot
if started_at is not None:
self.duration = stopped_at - started_at
mins, secs = divmod(self.duration, 60)
hours, mins = divmod(mins, 60)
else:
hours = mins = secs = 0
self.duration = '%02d:%02d:%02d' % (hours, mins, secs)
self.duration_human = []
if hours > 0:
self.duration_human.append('%d hours' % hours)
if mins > 0:
self.duration_human.append('%d minutes' % mins)
if secs > 0:
self.duration_human.append('%d seconds' % secs)
self.duration_human = ', '.join(self.duration_human)
self.avg_reward /= self.epochs
def __init__(self, path='/var/log/pwnagotchi.log'):
self.path = path
self.last_session = None
self.last_session_id = ''
self.last_saved_session_id = ''
self.duration = ''
self.duration_human = ''
self.deauthed = 0
self.associated = 0
self.handshakes = 0
self.peers = 0
self.last_peer = None
self._peer_parser = re.compile(
'detected unit (.+)@(.+) \(v.+\) on channel \d+ \(([\d\-]+) dBm\) \[sid:(.+) pwnd_tot:(\d+) uptime:(\d+)\]')
lines = []
with FileReadBackwards(self.path, encoding="utf-8") as fp:
for line in fp:
line = line.strip()
if line != "" and line[0] != '[':
continue
lines.append(line)
if SessionParser.START_TOKEN in line:
break
lines.reverse()
self.last_session = lines
self.last_session_id = hashlib.md5(lines[0].encode()).hexdigest()
self.last_saved_session_id = self._get_last_saved_session_id()
self._parse_stats()
def is_new(self):
return self.last_session_id != self.last_saved_session_id

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import os
from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA
import hashlib
def new_session_id():
return ':'.join(['%02x' % b for b in os.urandom(6)])
def get_identity(config):
pubkey = None
with open(config['main']['pubkey']) as fp:
pubkey = RSA.importKey(fp.read())
return pubkey, hashlib.sha1(pubkey.exportKey('DER')).hexdigest()

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import time
import json
import _thread
import threading
from scapy.all import Dot11, Dot11FCS, Dot11Elt, RadioTap, sendp, sniff
import core
import pwnagotchi
import pwnagotchi.ui.faces as faces
from pwnagotchi.mesh import get_identity
import pwnagotchi.mesh.wifi as wifi
from pwnagotchi.mesh import new_session_id
from pwnagotchi.mesh.peer import Peer
def _dummy_peer_cb(peer):
pass
class Advertiser(object):
MAX_STALE_TIME = 300
def __init__(self, iface, name, version, identity, period=0.3, data={}):
self._iface = iface
self._period = period
self._running = False
self._stopped = threading.Event()
self._peers_lock = threading.Lock()
self._adv_lock = threading.Lock()
self._new_peer_cb = _dummy_peer_cb
self._lost_peer_cb = _dummy_peer_cb
self._peers = {}
self._frame = None
self._me = Peer(new_session_id(), 0, 0, {
'name': name,
'version': version,
'identity': identity,
'face': faces.FRIEND,
'pwnd_run': 0,
'pwnd_tot': 0,
'uptime': 0,
'epoch': 0,
'data': data
})
self.update()
def update(self, values={}):
with self._adv_lock:
for field, value in values.items():
self._me.adv[field] = value
self._frame = wifi.encapsulate(payload=json.dumps(self._me.adv), addr_from=self._me.session_id)
def on_peer(self, new_cb, lost_cb):
self._new_peer_cb = new_cb
self._lost_peer_cb = lost_cb
def on_face_change(self, old, new):
# core.log("face change: %s -> %s" % (old, new))
self.update({'face': new})
def start(self):
self._running = True
_thread.start_new_thread(self._sender, ())
_thread.start_new_thread(self._listener, ())
_thread.start_new_thread(self._pruner, ())
def num_peers(self):
with self._peers_lock:
return len(self._peers)
def peers(self):
with self._peers_lock:
return list(self._peers.values())
def closest_peer(self):
closest = None
with self._peers_lock:
for ident, peer in self._peers.items():
if closest is None or peer.is_closer(closest):
closest = peer
return closest
def stop(self):
self._running = False
self._stopped.set()
def _sender(self):
core.log("started advertiser thread (period:%s sid:%s) ..." % (str(self._period), self._me.session_id))
while self._running:
try:
sendp(self._frame, iface=self._iface, verbose=False, count=5, inter=self._period)
except Exception as e:
core.log("error: %s" % e)
time.sleep(self._period)
def _on_advertisement(self, src_session_id, channel, rssi, adv):
ident = adv['identity']
with self._peers_lock:
if ident not in self._peers:
peer = Peer(src_session_id, channel, rssi, adv)
core.log("detected unit %s (v%s) on channel %d (%s dBm) [sid:%s pwnd_tot:%d uptime:%d]" % ( \
peer.full_name(),
peer.version(),
channel,
rssi,
src_session_id,
peer.pwnd_total(),
peer.uptime()))
self._peers[ident] = peer
self._new_peer_cb(peer)
else:
self._peers[ident].update(src_session_id, channel, rssi, adv)
def _parse_identity(self, radio, dot11, dot11elt):
payload = b''
while dot11elt:
payload += dot11elt.info
dot11elt = dot11elt.payload.getlayer(Dot11Elt)
if payload != b'':
adv = json.loads(payload)
self._on_advertisement( \
dot11.addr3,
wifi.freq_to_channel(radio.Channel),
radio.dBm_AntSignal,
adv)
def _is_broadcasted_advertisement(self, dot11):
# dst bcast + protocol signature + not ours
return dot11 is not None and \
dot11.addr1 == wifi.BroadcastAddress and \
dot11.addr2 == wifi.SignatureAddress and \
dot11.addr3 != self._me.session_id
def _is_frame_for_us(self, dot11):
# dst is us + protocol signature + not ours (why would we send a frame to ourself anyway?)
return dot11 is not None and \
dot11.addr1 == self._me.session_id and \
dot11.addr2 == wifi.SignatureAddress and \
dot11.addr3 != self._me.session_id
def _on_packet(self, p):
# https://github.com/secdev/scapy/issues/1590
if p.haslayer(Dot11):
dot11 = p[Dot11]
elif p.haslayer(Dot11FCS):
dot11 = p[Dot11FCS]
else:
dot11 = None
if self._is_broadcasted_advertisement(dot11):
try:
dot11elt = p.getlayer(Dot11Elt)
if dot11elt.ID == wifi.Dot11ElemID_Identity:
self._parse_identity(p[RadioTap], dot11, dot11elt)
else:
raise Exception("unknown frame id %d" % dot11elt.ID)
except Exception as e:
core.log("error decoding packet from %s: %s" % (dot11.addr3, e))
def _listener(self):
# core.log("started advertisements listener ...")
expr = "type mgt subtype beacon and ether src %s" % wifi.SignatureAddress
sniff(iface=self._iface, filter=expr, prn=self._on_packet, store=0, stop_filter=lambda x: self._stopped.isSet())
def _pruner(self):
while self._running:
time.sleep(10)
with self._peers_lock:
stale = []
for ident, peer in self._peers.items():
inactive_for = peer.inactive_for()
if inactive_for >= Advertiser.MAX_STALE_TIME:
core.log("peer %s lost (inactive for %ds)" % (peer.full_name(), inactive_for))
self._lost_peer_cb(peer)
stale.append(ident)
for ident in stale:
del self._peers[ident]
class AsyncAdvertiser(object):
def __init__(self, config, view):
self._config = config
self._view = view
self._public_key, self._identity = get_identity(config)
self._advertiser = None
def start_advertising(self):
_thread.start_new_thread(self._adv_worker, ())
def _adv_worker(self):
# this will take some time due to scapy being slow to be imported ...
from pwnagotchi.mesh.advertise import Advertiser
self._advertiser = Advertiser(
self._config['main']['iface'],
pwnagotchi.name(),
pwnagotchi.version,
self._identity,
period=0.3,
data=self._config['personality'])
self._advertiser.on_peer(self._on_new_unit, self._on_lost_unit)
if self._config['personality']['advertise']:
self._advertiser.start()
self._view.on_state_change('face', self._advertiser.on_face_change)
else:
core.log("advertising is disabled")
def _on_new_unit(self, peer):
self._view.on_new_peer(peer)
def _on_lost_unit(self, peer):
self._view.on_lost_peer(peer)

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import time
import pwnagotchi.mesh.wifi as wifi
import pwnagotchi.ui.faces as faces
import core
class Peer(object):
def __init__(self, sid, channel, rssi, adv):
self.first_seen = time.time()
self.last_seen = self.first_seen
self.session_id = sid
self.last_channel = channel
self.presence = [0] * wifi.NumChannels
self.adv = adv
self.rssi = rssi
self.presence[channel - 1] = 1
def update(self, sid, channel, rssi, adv):
if self.name() != adv['name']:
core.log("peer %s changed name: %s -> %s" % (self.full_name(), self.name(), adv['name']))
if self.session_id != sid:
core.log("peer %s changed session id: %s -> %s" % (self.full_name(), self.session_id, sid))
self.presence[channel - 1] += 1
self.adv = adv
self.rssi = rssi
self.session_id = sid
self.last_seen = time.time()
def inactive_for(self):
return time.time() - self.last_seen
def _adv_field(self, name, default='???'):
return self.adv[name] if name in self.adv else default
def face(self):
return self._adv_field('face', default=faces.FRIEND)
def name(self):
return self._adv_field('name')
def identity(self):
return self._adv_field('identity')
def version(self):
return self._adv_field('version')
def pwnd_run(self):
return int(self._adv_field('pwnd_run', default=0))
def pwnd_total(self):
return int(self._adv_field('pwnd_tot', default=0))
def uptime(self):
return self._adv_field('uptime', default=0)
def epoch(self):
return self._adv_field('epoch', default=0)
def full_name(self):
return '%s@%s' % (self.name(), self.identity())
def is_closer(self, other):
return self.rssi > other.rssi

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SignatureAddress = 'de:ad:be:ef:de:ad'
BroadcastAddress = 'ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff'
Dot11ElemID_Identity = 222
NumChannels = 14
def freq_to_channel(freq):
if freq <= 2472:
return int(((freq - 2412) / 5) + 1)
elif freq == 2484:
return int(14)
elif 5035 <= freq <= 5865:
return int(((freq - 5035) / 5) + 7)
else:
return 0
def encapsulate(payload, addr_from, addr_to=BroadcastAddress):
from scapy.all import Dot11, Dot11Beacon, Dot11Elt, RadioTap
radio = RadioTap()
dot11 = Dot11(type=0, subtype=8, addr1=addr_to, addr2=SignatureAddress, addr3=addr_from)
beacon = Dot11Beacon(cap='ESS')
frame = radio / dot11 / beacon
data_size = len(payload)
data_left = data_size
data_off = 0
chunk_size = 255
while data_left > 0:
sz = min(chunk_size, data_left)
chunk = payload[data_off: data_off + sz]
frame /= Dot11Elt(ID=Dot11ElemID_Identity, info=chunk, len=sz)
data_off += sz
data_left -= sz
return frame

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from PIL import Image
class Widget(object):
def __init__(self, xy, color=0):
self.xy = xy
self.color = color
def draw(self, canvas, drawer):
raise Exception("not implemented")
class Bitmap(Widget):
def __init__(self, path, xy, color=0):
super().__init__(xy, color)
self.image = Image.open(path)
def draw(self, canvas, drawer):
canvas.paste(self.image, self.xy)
class Line(Widget):
def __init__(self, xy, color=0, width=1):
super().__init__(xy, color)
self.width = width
def draw(self, canvas, drawer):
drawer.line(self.xy, fill=self.color, width=self.width)
class Rect(Widget):
def draw(self, canvas, drawer):
drawer.rectangle(self.xy, outline=self.color)
class FilledRect(Widget):
def draw(self, canvas, drawer):
drawer.rectangle(self.xy, fill=self.color)
class Text(Widget):
def __init__(self, value="", position=(0, 0), font=None, color=0):
super().__init__(position, color)
self.value = value
self.font = font
def draw(self, canvas, drawer):
if self.value is not None:
drawer.text(self.xy, self.value, font=self.font, fill=self.color)
class LabeledValue(Widget):
def __init__(self, label, value="", position=(0, 0), label_font=None, text_font=None, color=0):
super().__init__(position, color)
self.label = label
self.value = value
self.label_font = label_font
self.text_font = text_font
def draw(self, canvas, drawer):
if self.label is None:
drawer.text(self.xy, self.value, font=self.label_font, fill=self.color)
else:
pos = self.xy
drawer.text(pos, self.label, font=self.label_font, fill=self.color)
drawer.text((pos[0] + 5 + 5 * len(self.label), pos[1]), self.value, font=self.text_font, fill=self.color)

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import _thread
from threading import Lock
import io
import core
import pwnagotchi
from pwnagotchi.ui.view import WHITE, View
from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer
class VideoHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
_lock = Lock()
_buffer = None
_index = """<html>
<head>
<title>%s</title>
</head>
<body>
<img src="/ui" id="ui"/>
<script type="text/javascript">
window.onload = function() {
var image = document.getElementById("ui");
function updateImage() {
image.src = image.src.split("?")[0] + "?" + new Date().getTime();
}
setInterval(updateImage, %d);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>"""
@staticmethod
def render(img):
with VideoHandler._lock:
writer = io.BytesIO()
img.save(writer, format='PNG')
VideoHandler._buffer = writer.getvalue()
def log_message(self, format, *args):
return
def _w(self, data):
try:
self.wfile.write(data)
except:
pass
def do_GET(self):
if self._buffer is None:
self.send_response(404)
elif self.path == '/':
self.send_response(200)
self.send_header('Content-type', 'text/html')
self.end_headers()
self._w(bytes(self._index % (pwnagotchi.name(), 1000), "utf8"))
elif self.path.startswith('/ui'):
with self._lock:
self.send_response(200)
self.send_header('Content-type', 'image/png')
self.send_header('Content-length', '%d' % len(self._buffer))
self.end_headers()
self._w(self._buffer)
else:
self.send_response(404)
class Display(View):
def __init__(self, config, state={}):
super(Display, self).__init__(config, state)
self._enabled = config['ui']['display']['enabled']
self._rotation = config['ui']['display']['rotation']
self._video_enabled = config['ui']['display']['video']['enabled']
self._video_port = config['ui']['display']['video']['port']
self._video_address = config['ui']['display']['video']['address']
self._display = None
self._httpd = None
self.canvas = None
if self._enabled:
self._init_display()
else:
self.on_render(self._on_view_rendered)
core.log("display module is disabled")
if self._video_enabled:
_thread.start_new_thread(self._http_serve, ())
def _http_serve(self):
if self._video_address is not None:
self._httpd = HTTPServer((self._video_address, self._video_port), VideoHandler)
core.log("ui available at http://%s:%d/" % (self._video_address, self._video_port))
self._httpd.serve_forever()
else:
core.log("could not get ip of usb0, video server not starting")
def _init_display(self):
from pwnagotchi.ui.waveshare import EPD
# core.log("display module started")
self._display = EPD()
self._display.init(self._display.FULL_UPDATE)
self._display.Clear(WHITE)
self._display.init(self._display.PART_UPDATE)
self.on_render(self._on_view_rendered)
def image(self):
img = None
if self.canvas is not None:
img = self.canvas if self._rotation == 0 else self.canvas.rotate(-self._rotation)
return img
def _on_view_rendered(self, img):
# core.log("display::_on_view_rendered")
VideoHandler.render(img)
if self._enabled:
self.canvas = img if self._rotation == 0 else img.rotate(self._rotation)
buf = self._display.getbuffer(self.canvas)
self._display.displayPartial(buf)

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LOOK_R = '(⌐■_■)'
LOOK_L = '(■_■-)'
SLEEP = '(=‿‿=)'
SLEEP2 = '(◕‿‿-)'
AWAKE = '(◕‿‿◕)'
BORED = '(-‿‿-)'
INTENSE = '(°‿‿°)'
COOL = '(⌐0_0)'
HAPPY = '(^‿‿^)'
EXCITED = '(*‿‿*)'
MOTIVATED = '(*‿‿*)'
DEMOTIVATED = '(╥__╥)'
SMART = '(^‿‿^)'
LONELY = '(╥__╥)'
SAD = '(╥__╥)'
FRIEND = '(♥‿‿♥)'
BROKEN = '(x‿‿x)'

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from PIL import ImageFont
PATH = '/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSansMono'
Bold = ImageFont.truetype("%s-Bold.ttf" % PATH, 10)
BoldSmall = ImageFont.truetype("%s-Bold.ttf" % PATH, 9)
Medium = ImageFont.truetype("%s.ttf" % PATH, 10)
Huge = ImageFont.truetype("%s-Bold.ttf" % PATH, 35)

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@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
from threading import Lock
class State(object):
def __init__(self, state={}):
self._state = state
self._lock = Lock()
self._listeners = {}
def add_listener(self, key, cb):
with self._lock:
self._listeners[key] = cb
def items(self):
with self._lock:
return self._state.items()
def get(self, key):
with self._lock:
return self._state[key].value if key in self._state else None
def set(self, key, value):
with self._lock:
if key in self._state:
prev = self._state[key].value
self._state[key].value = value
if key in self._listeners and self._listeners[key] is not None and prev != value:
self._listeners[key](prev, value)

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import _thread
from threading import Lock
import time
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw
import core
import pwnagotchi
from pwnagotchi import voice
import pwnagotchi.ui.fonts as fonts
import pwnagotchi.ui.faces as faces
from pwnagotchi.ui.components import *
from pwnagotchi.ui.state import State
WHITE = 0xff
BLACK = 0x00
WIDTH = 122
HEIGHT = 250
class View(object):
def __init__(self, config, state={}):
self._render_cbs = []
self._config = config
self._canvas = None
self._lock = Lock()
self._state = State(state={
'channel': LabeledValue(color=BLACK, label='CH', value='00', position=(0, 0), label_font=fonts.Bold,
text_font=fonts.Medium),
'aps': LabeledValue(color=BLACK, label='APS', value='0 (00)', position=(30, 0), label_font=fonts.Bold,
text_font=fonts.Medium),
#'epoch': LabeledValue(color=BLACK, label='E', value='0000', position=(145, 0), label_font=fonts.Bold,
# text_font=fonts.Medium),
'uptime': LabeledValue(color=BLACK, label='UP', value='00:00:00', position=(185, 0), label_font=fonts.Bold,
text_font=fonts.Medium),
# 'square': Rect([1, 11, 124, 111]),
'line1': Line([0, 13, 250, 13], color=BLACK),
'line2': Line([0, 109, 250, 109], color=BLACK),
# 'histogram': Histogram([4, 94], color = BLACK),
'face': Text(value=faces.SLEEP, position=(0, 40), color=BLACK, font=fonts.Huge),
'friend_face': Text(value=None, position=(0, 90), font=fonts.Bold, color=BLACK),
'friend_name': Text(value=None, position=(40, 93), font=fonts.BoldSmall, color=BLACK),
'name': Text(value='%s>' % 'pwnagotchi', position=(125, 20), color=BLACK, font=fonts.Bold),
# 'face2': Bitmap( '/root/pwnagotchi/data/images/face_happy.bmp', (0, 20)),
'status': Text(value=voice.default(), position=(125, 35), color=BLACK, font=fonts.Medium),
'shakes': LabeledValue(label='PWND ', value='0 (00)', color=BLACK, position=(0, 110), label_font=fonts.Bold,
text_font=fonts.Medium),
'mode': Text(value='AUTO', position=(225, 110), font=fonts.Bold, color=BLACK),
})
for key, value in state.items():
self._state.set(key, value)
_thread.start_new_thread(self._refresh_handler, ())
def on_state_change(self, key, cb):
self._state.add_listener(key, cb)
def on_render(self, cb):
if cb not in self._render_cbs:
self._render_cbs.append(cb)
def _refresh_handler(self):
delay = 1.0 / self._config['ui']['fps']
# core.log("view refresh handler started with period of %.2fs" % delay)
while True:
name = self._state.get('name')
self.set('name', name.rstrip('').strip() if '' in name else (name + ''))
self.update()
time.sleep(delay)
def set(self, key, value):
self._state.set(key, value)
def on_starting(self):
self.set('status', voice.on_starting())
self.set('face', faces.AWAKE)
def on_ai_ready(self):
self.set('mode', '')
self.set('face', faces.HAPPY)
self.set('status', voice.on_ai_ready())
self.update()
def on_manual_mode(self, log):
self.set('mode', 'MANU')
self.set('face', faces.SAD if log.handshakes == 0 else faces.HAPPY)
self.set('status', voice.on_log(log))
self.set('epoch', "%04d" % log.epochs)
self.set('uptime', log.duration)
self.set('channel', '-')
self.set('aps', "%d" % log.associated)
self.set('shakes', '%d (%s)' % (log.handshakes, \
core.total_unique_handshakes(self._config['bettercap']['handshakes'])))
self.set_closest_peer(log.last_peer)
def is_normal(self):
return self._state.get('face') not in (
faces.INTENSE,
faces.COOL,
faces.BORED,
faces.HAPPY,
faces.EXCITED,
faces.MOTIVATED,
faces.DEMOTIVATED,
faces.SMART,
faces.SAD,
faces.LONELY)
def on_normal(self):
self.set('face', faces.AWAKE)
self.set('status', voice.on_normal())
self.update()
def set_closest_peer(self, peer):
if peer is None:
self.set('friend_face', None)
self.set('friend_name', None)
else:
# ref. https://www.metageek.com/training/resources/understanding-rssi-2.html
if peer.rssi >= -67:
num_bars = 4
elif peer.rssi >= -70:
num_bars = 3
elif peer.rssi >= -80:
num_bars = 2
else:
num_bars = 1
name = '' * num_bars
name += '' * (4 - num_bars)
name += ' %s %d (%d)' % (peer.name(), peer.pwnd_run(), peer.pwnd_total())
self.set('friend_face', peer.face())
self.set('friend_name', name)
self.update()
def on_new_peer(self, peer):
self.set('face', faces.FRIEND)
self.set('status', voice.on_new_peer(peer))
self.update()
def on_lost_peer(self, peer):
self.set('face', faces.LONELY)
self.set('status', voice.on_lost_peer(peer))
self.update()
def on_free_channel(self, channel):
self.set('face', faces.SMART)
self.set('status', voice.on_free_channel(channel))
self.update()
def wait(self, secs, sleeping=True):
was_normal = self.is_normal()
part = secs / 10.0
for step in range(0, 10):
# if we weren't in a normal state before goin
# to sleep, keep that face and status on for
# a while, otherwise the sleep animation will
# always override any minor state change before it
if was_normal or step > 5:
if sleeping:
if secs > 1:
self.set('face', faces.SLEEP)
self.set('status', voice.on_napping(secs))
else:
self.set('face', faces.SLEEP2)
self.set('status', voice.on_awakening())
else:
self.set('status', voice.on_waiting(secs))
if step % 2 == 0:
self.set('face', faces.LOOK_R)
else:
self.set('face', faces.LOOK_L)
time.sleep(part)
secs -= part
self.on_normal()
def on_bored(self):
self.set('face', faces.BORED)
self.set('status', voice.on_bored())
self.update()
def on_sad(self):
self.set('face', faces.SAD)
self.set('status', voice.on_sad())
self.update()
def on_motivated(self, reward):
self.set('face', faces.MOTIVATED)
self.set('status', voice.on_motivated(reward))
self.update()
def on_demotivated(self, reward):
self.set('face', faces.DEMOTIVATED)
self.set('status', voice.on_demotivated(reward))
self.update()
def on_excited(self):
self.set('face', faces.EXCITED)
self.set('status', voice.on_excited())
self.update()
def on_assoc(self, ap):
self.set('face', faces.INTENSE)
self.set('status', voice.on_assoc(ap))
self.update()
def on_deauth(self, sta):
self.set('face', faces.COOL)
self.set('status', voice.on_deauth(sta))
self.update()
def on_miss(self, who):
self.set('face', faces.SAD)
self.set('status', voice.on_miss(who))
self.update()
def on_lonely(self):
self.set('face', faces.LONELY)
self.set('status', voice.on_lonely())
self.update()
def on_handshakes(self, new_shakes):
self.set('face', faces.HAPPY)
self.set('status', voice.on_handshakes(new_shakes))
self.update()
def on_rebooting(self):
self.set('face', faces.BROKEN)
self.set('status', voice.on_rebooting())
self.update()
def update(self):
"""
ncalls tottime percall cumtime percall filename:lineno(function)
19 0.001 0.000 0.007 0.000 Image.py:1137(copy)
19 0.001 0.000 0.069 0.004 Image.py:1894(rotate)
19 0.001 0.000 0.068 0.004 Image.py:2388(transpose)
1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Image.py:2432(ImagePointHandler)
1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Image.py:2437(ImageTransformHandler)
19 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.000 Image.py:2455(_check_size)
19 0.002 0.000 0.010 0.001 Image.py:2473(new)
1 0.002 0.002 0.127 0.127 Image.py:30(<module>)
1 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 Image.py:3103(_apply_env_variables)
1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Image.py:3139(Exif)
1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Image.py:495(_E)
1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Image.py:536(Image)
76 0.003 0.000 0.003 0.000 Image.py:552(__init__)
19 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Image.py:572(size)
57 0.004 0.000 0.006 0.000 Image.py:576(_new)
76 0.001 0.000 0.002 0.000 Image.py:595(__exit__)
76 0.001 0.000 0.003 0.000 Image.py:633(__del__)
1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Image.py:71(DecompressionBombWarning)
1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Image.py:75(DecompressionBombError)
1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Image.py:79(_imaging_not_installed)
95 0.002 0.000 0.014 0.000 Image.py:842(load)
19 0.001 0.000 0.008 0.000 Image.py:892(convert)
1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ImageColor.py:20(<module>)
297 0.012 0.000 0.042 0.000 ImageDraw.py:101(_getink)
38 0.001 0.000 0.026 0.001 ImageDraw.py:153(line)
295 0.005 0.000 0.007 0.000 ImageDraw.py:252(_multiline_check)
8 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 ImageDraw.py:258(_multiline_split)
267/247 0.033 0.000 1.741 0.007 ImageDraw.py:263(text)
8 0.003 0.000 0.237 0.030 ImageDraw.py:282(multiline_text)
28 0.001 0.000 0.064 0.002 ImageDraw.py:328(textsize)
1 0.000 0.000 0.008 0.008 ImageDraw.py:33(<module>)
19 0.002 0.000 0.006 0.000 ImageDraw.py:355(Draw)
1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ImageDraw.py:47(ImageDraw)
19 0.002 0.000 0.004 0.000 ImageDraw.py:48(__init__)
1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ImageFont.py:123(FreeTypeFont)
3 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.001 ImageFont.py:126(__init__)
28 0.001 0.000 0.062 0.002 ImageFont.py:185(getsize)
1 0.000 0.000 0.011 0.011 ImageFont.py:28(<module>)
259 0.020 0.000 1.435 0.006 ImageFont.py:337(getmask2)
1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ImageFont.py:37(_imagingft_not_installed)
1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ImageFont.py:474(TransposedFont)
3 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.001 ImageFont.py:517(truetype)
3 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.001 ImageFont.py:542(freetype)
1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ImageFont.py:65(ImageFont)
1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ImageMode.py:17(<module>)
1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ImageMode.py:20(ModeDescriptor)
"""
with self._lock:
self._canvas = Image.new('1', (HEIGHT, WIDTH), WHITE)
drawer = ImageDraw.Draw(self._canvas)
for key, lv in self._state.items():
lv.draw(self._canvas, drawer)
for cb in self._render_cbs:
cb(self._canvas)

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# //*****************************************************************************
# * | File : epd2in13.py
# * | Author : Waveshare team
# * | Function : Electronic paper driver
# * | Info :
# *----------------
# * | This version: V3.0
# * | Date : 2018-11-01
# * | Info : python2 demo
# * 1.Remove:
# digital_write(self, pin, value)
# digital_read(self, pin)
# delay_ms(self, delaytime)
# set_lut(self, lut)
# self.lut = self.lut_full_update
# * 2.Change:
# display_frame -> TurnOnDisplay
# set_memory_area -> SetWindow
# set_memory_pointer -> SetCursor
# * 3.How to use
# epd = epd2in13.EPD()
# epd.init(epd.lut_full_update)
# image = Image.new('1', (epd2in13.EPD_WIDTH, epd2in13.EPD_HEIGHT), 255)
# ...
# drawing ......
# ...
# epd.display(getbuffer(image))
# ******************************************************************************//
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documnetation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and//or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS OR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
# THE SOFTWARE.
#
import time
import spidev
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
from PIL import Image
# Pin definition
RST_PIN = 17
DC_PIN = 25
CS_PIN = 8
BUSY_PIN = 24
# SPI device, bus = 0, device = 0
SPI = spidev.SpiDev(0, 0)
def digital_write(pin, value):
GPIO.output(pin, value)
def digital_read(pin):
return GPIO.input(BUSY_PIN)
def delay_ms(delaytime):
time.sleep(delaytime / 1000.0)
def spi_writebyte(data):
SPI.writebytes(data)
def module_init():
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setwarnings(False)
GPIO.setup(RST_PIN, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(DC_PIN, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(CS_PIN, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(BUSY_PIN, GPIO.IN)
SPI.max_speed_hz = 2000000
SPI.mode = 0b00
return 0;
# Display resolution
EPD_WIDTH = 122
EPD_HEIGHT = 250
class EPD:
def __init__(self):
self.reset_pin = RST_PIN
self.dc_pin = DC_PIN
self.busy_pin = BUSY_PIN
self.width = EPD_WIDTH
self.height = EPD_HEIGHT
FULL_UPDATE = 0
PART_UPDATE = 1
lut_full_update = [
0x80, 0x60, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, # LUT0: BB: VS 0 ~7
0x10, 0x60, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, # LUT1: BW: VS 0 ~7
0x80, 0x60, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, # LUT2: WB: VS 0 ~7
0x10, 0x60, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, # LUT3: WW: VS 0 ~7
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, # LUT4: VCOM: VS 0 ~7
0x03, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, # TP0 A~D RP0
0x09, 0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, # TP1 A~D RP1
0x03, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, # TP2 A~D RP2
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, # TP3 A~D RP3
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, # TP4 A~D RP4
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, # TP5 A~D RP5
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, # TP6 A~D RP6
0x15, 0x41, 0xA8, 0x32, 0x30, 0x0A,
]
lut_partial_update = [ # 20 bytes
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, # LUT0: BB: VS 0 ~7
0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, # LUT1: BW: VS 0 ~7
0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, # LUT2: WB: VS 0 ~7
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, # LUT3: WW: VS 0 ~7
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, # LUT4: VCOM: VS 0 ~7
0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, # TP0 A~D RP0
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, # TP1 A~D RP1
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, # TP2 A~D RP2
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, # TP3 A~D RP3
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, # TP4 A~D RP4
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, # TP5 A~D RP5
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, # TP6 A~D RP6
0x15, 0x41, 0xA8, 0x32, 0x30, 0x0A,
]
# Hardware reset
def reset(self):
digital_write(self.reset_pin, GPIO.HIGH)
delay_ms(200)
digital_write(self.reset_pin, GPIO.LOW) # module reset
delay_ms(200)
digital_write(self.reset_pin, GPIO.HIGH)
delay_ms(200)
def send_command(self, command):
digital_write(self.dc_pin, GPIO.LOW)
spi_writebyte([command])
def send_data(self, data):
digital_write(self.dc_pin, GPIO.HIGH)
spi_writebyte([data])
def wait_until_idle(self):
while (digital_read(self.busy_pin) == 1): # 0: idle, 1: busy
delay_ms(100)
def TurnOnDisplay(self):
self.send_command(0x22)
self.send_data(0xC7)
self.send_command(0x20)
self.wait_until_idle()
def init(self, update):
if (module_init() != 0):
return -1
# EPD hardware init start
self.reset()
if (update == self.FULL_UPDATE):
self.wait_until_idle()
self.send_command(0x12) # soft reset
self.wait_until_idle()
self.send_command(0x74) # set analog block control
self.send_data(0x54)
self.send_command(0x7E) # set digital block control
self.send_data(0x3B)
self.send_command(0x01) # Driver output control
self.send_data(0xF9)
self.send_data(0x00)
self.send_data(0x00)
self.send_command(0x11) # data entry mode
self.send_data(0x01)
self.send_command(0x44) # set Ram-X address start//end position
self.send_data(0x00)
self.send_data(0x0F) # 0x0C-->(15+1)*8=128
self.send_command(0x45) # set Ram-Y address start//end position
self.send_data(0xF9) # 0xF9-->(249+1)=250
self.send_data(0x00)
self.send_data(0x00)
self.send_data(0x00)
self.send_command(0x3C) # BorderWavefrom
self.send_data(0x03)
self.send_command(0x2C) # VCOM Voltage
self.send_data(0x55) #
self.send_command(0x03)
self.send_data(self.lut_full_update[70])
self.send_command(0x04) #
self.send_data(self.lut_full_update[71])
self.send_data(self.lut_full_update[72])
self.send_data(self.lut_full_update[73])
self.send_command(0x3A) # Dummy Line
self.send_data(self.lut_full_update[74])
self.send_command(0x3B) # Gate time
self.send_data(self.lut_full_update[75])
self.send_command(0x32)
for count in range(70):
self.send_data(self.lut_full_update[count])
self.send_command(0x4E) # set RAM x address count to 0
self.send_data(0x00)
self.send_command(0x4F) # set RAM y address count to 0X127
self.send_data(0xF9)
self.send_data(0x00)
self.wait_until_idle()
else:
self.send_command(0x2C) # VCOM Voltage
self.send_data(0x26)
self.wait_until_idle()
self.send_command(0x32)
for count in range(70):
self.send_data(self.lut_partial_update[count])
self.send_command(0x37)
self.send_data(0x00)
self.send_data(0x00)
self.send_data(0x00)
self.send_data(0x00)
self.send_data(0x40)
self.send_data(0x00)
self.send_data(0x00)
self.send_command(0x22)
self.send_data(0xC0)
self.send_command(0x20)
self.wait_until_idle()
self.send_command(0x3C) # BorderWavefrom
self.send_data(0x01)
return 0
def getbuffer(self, image):
if self.width % 8 == 0:
linewidth = self.width // 8
else:
linewidth = self.width // 8 + 1
buf = [0xFF] * (linewidth * self.height)
image_monocolor = image.convert('1')
imwidth, imheight = image_monocolor.size
pixels = image_monocolor.load()
if (imwidth == self.width and imheight == self.height):
# print("Vertical")
for y in range(imheight):
for x in range(imwidth):
if pixels[x, y] == 0:
x = imwidth - x
buf[x // 8 + y * linewidth] &= ~(0x80 >> (x % 8))
elif (imwidth == self.height and imheight == self.width):
# print("Horizontal")
for y in range(imheight):
for x in range(imwidth):
newx = y
newy = self.height - x - 1
if pixels[x, y] == 0:
newy = imwidth - newy - 1
buf[newx // 8 + newy * linewidth] &= ~(0x80 >> (y % 8))
return buf
def display(self, image):
if self.width % 8 == 0:
linewidth = self.width // 8
else:
linewidth = self.width // 8 + 1
self.send_command(0x24)
for j in range(0, self.height):
for i in range(0, linewidth):
self.send_data(image[i + j * linewidth])
self.TurnOnDisplay()
def displayPartial(self, image):
if self.width % 8 == 0:
linewidth = self.width // 8
else:
linewidth = self.width // 8 + 1
self.send_command(0x24)
for j in range(0, self.height):
for i in range(0, linewidth):
self.send_data(image[i + j * linewidth])
self.send_command(0x26)
for j in range(0, self.height):
for i in range(0, linewidth):
self.send_data(~image[i + j * linewidth])
self.TurnOnDisplay()
def Clear(self, color):
if self.width % 8 == 0:
linewidth = self.width // 8
else:
linewidth = self.width // 8 + 1
# print(linewidth)
self.send_command(0x24)
for j in range(0, self.height):
for i in range(0, linewidth):
self.send_data(color)
self.TurnOnDisplay()
def sleep(self):
self.send_command(0x22) # POWER OFF
self.send_data(0xC3)
self.send_command(0x20)
self.send_command(0x10) # enter deep sleep
self.send_data(0x01)
delay_ms(100)
### END OF FILE ###

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import random
def default():
return 'ZzzzZZzzzzZzzz'
def on_starting():
return random.choice([ \
'Hi, I\'m Pwnagotchi!\nStarting ...',
'New day, new hunt,\nnew pwns!',
'Hack the Planet!'])
def on_ai_ready():
return random.choice([
'AI ready.',
'The neural network\nis ready.'])
def on_normal():
return random.choice([ \
'',
'...'])
def on_free_channel(channel):
return 'Hey, channel %d is\nfree! Your AP will\nsay thanks.' % channel
def on_bored():
return random.choice([ \
'I\'m bored ...',
'Let\'s go for a walk!'])
def on_motivated(reward):
return 'This is best day\nof my life!'
def on_demotivated(reward):
return 'Shitty day :/'
def on_sad():
return random.choice([ \
'I\'m extremely bored ...',
'I\'m very sad ...',
'I\'m sad',
'...'])
def on_excited():
return random.choice([ \
'I\'m living the life!',
'I pwn therefore I am.',
'So many networks!!!',
'I\'m having so much\nfun!',
'My crime is that of\ncuriosity ...'])
def on_new_peer(peer):
return random.choice([ \
'Hello\n%s!\nNice to meet you.' % peer.name(),
'Unit\n%s\nis nearby!' % peer.name()])
def on_lost_peer(peer):
return random.choice([ \
'Uhm ...\ngoodbye\n%s' % peer.name(),
'%s\nis gone ...' % peer.name()])
def on_miss(who):
return random.choice([ \
'Whops ...\n%s\nis gone.' % who,
'%s\nmissed!' % who,
'Missed!'])
def on_lonely():
return random.choice([ \
'Nobody wants to\nplay with me ...',
'I feel so alone ...',
'Where\'s everybody?!'])
def on_napping(secs):
return random.choice([ \
'Napping for %ds ...' % secs,
'Zzzzz',
'ZzzZzzz (%ds)' % secs])
def on_awakening():
return random.choice(['...', '!'])
def on_waiting(secs):
return random.choice([ \
'Waiting for %ds ...' % secs,
'...',
'Looking around (%ds)' % secs])
def on_assoc(ap):
ssid, bssid = ap['hostname'], ap['mac']
what = ssid if ssid != '' and ssid != '<hidden>' else bssid
return random.choice([ \
'Hey\n%s\nlet\'s be friends!' % what,
'Associating to\n%s' % what,
'Yo\n%s!' % what])
def on_deauth(sta):
return random.choice([ \
'Just decided that\n%s\nneeds no WiFi!' % sta['mac'],
'Deauthenticating\n%s' % sta['mac'],
'Kickbanning\n%s!' % sta['mac']])
def on_handshakes(new_shakes):
s = 's' if new_shakes > 1 else ''
return 'Cool, we got %d\nnew handshake%s!' % (new_shakes, s)
def on_rebooting():
return "Ops, something\nwent wrong ...\nRebooting ..."
def on_log(log):
status = 'Kicked %d stations\n' % log.deauthed
status += 'Made %d new friends\n' % log.associated
status += 'Got %d handshakes\n' % log.handshakes
if log.peers == 1:
status += 'Met 1 peer'
elif log.peers > 0:
status += 'Met %d peers' % log.peers
return status
def on_log_tweet(log):
return 'I\'ve been pwning for %s and kicked %d clients! I\'ve also met %d new friends and ate %d handshakes! #pwnagotchi #pwnlog #pwnlife #hacktheplanet #skynet' % ( \
log.duration_human,
log.deauthed,
log.associated,
log.handshakes)

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Crypto
requests
pyyaml
scapy
gym
stable-baselines
tweepy
file_read_backwards
numpy

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#!/bin/bash
# blink 10 times to signal ready state
/root/pwnagotchi/scripts/blink.sh 10 &
# start a detached screen session with bettercap
if ifconfig | grep usb0 | grep RUNNING; then
sudo -H -u root /usr/bin/screen -dmS pwnagotchi -c /root/pwnagotchi/data/screenrc.manual
else
sudo -H -u root /usr/bin/screen -dmS pwnagotchi -c /root/pwnagotchi/data/screenrc.auto
fi

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#!/usr/bin/python3
import os
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/40426502/is-there-a-way-to-suppress-the-messages-tensorflow-prints/40426709
os.environ['TF_CPP_MIN_LOG_LEVEL'] = '3' # or any {'0', '1', '2'}
import warnings
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15777951/how-to-suppress-pandas-future-warning
warnings.simplefilter(action='ignore', category=FutureWarning)
import time
import random
print("loading dependencies ...")
start = time.time()
from stable_baselines.common.policies import MlpPolicy
from stable_baselines.common.vec_env import DummyVecEnv
from stable_baselines import A2C
quit()
import pwnagotchi.mesh.wifi as wifi
import pwnagotchi.ai.gym as wrappers
print("deps loaded in %ds" % (time.time() - start))
print()
class EpochMock(object):
def __init__(self):
self.epoch = 0
def wait_for_epoch_data(self, timeout=None):
duration = random.randint(5, 60)
slept = random.randint(0, duration)
tot_epochs = self.epoch + 1
num_active = random.randint(0, tot_epochs)
num_inactive = tot_epochs - num_active
tot_interactions = random.randint(0, 100)
missed = random.randint(0, int(tot_interactions / 10))
num_deauth = random.randint(0, tot_interactions - missed)
num_assocs = tot_interactions - num_deauth
# time.sleep(duration)
data = {
'aps_histogram': [random.random() for c in range(0, wifi.NumChannels)],
'sta_histogram': [random.random() for c in range(0, wifi.NumChannels)],
'peers_histogram': [random.random() for c in range(0, wifi.NumChannels)],
'duration_secs': duration,
'slept_for_secs': slept,
'blind_for_epochs': random.randint(0, 5),
'inactive_for_epochs': num_inactive,
'active_for_epochs': num_active,
'missed_interactions': missed,
'num_hops': random.randint(1, wifi.NumChannels),
'num_deauths': num_deauth,
'num_associations': num_assocs,
'num_handshakes': random.randint(0, tot_interactions),
'cpu_load': .5 + random.random(),
'mem_usage': .5 + random.random(),
'temperature': random.randint(40, 60)
}
self.epoch += 1
return data
epoch_mock = EpochMock()
env = wrappers.Environment(epoch_mock)
env = DummyVecEnv([lambda: env])
print("learning from random data ...")
model = A2C(MlpPolicy, env, verbose=1)
model.learn(total_timesteps=10)
model.save("test.nn")
print("running ...")
obs = env.reset()
for i in range(1000):
env.render()
action, _states = model.predict(obs)
obs, rewards, dones, info = env.step(action)
env.render()
"""
memory = Memory()
state = env.reset()
for i in range(0, 10):
env.render()
policy = env.action_space.sample()
next_state, reward, done, info = env.step(policy)
if done:
next_state = np.zeros(state.shape)
memory.add((state, policy, reward, next_state))
env.reset()
state, reward, done, info = env.step(env.action_space.sample())
else:
memory.add((state, policy, reward, next_state))
state = next_state
"""
"""
import numpy as np
import pwnagotchi.ai.nn as nn
def on_epoch(epoch, epoch_time, train_accu, valid_accu):
print("epoch:%d duration:%f t_accu:%f v_accu:%f" % (epoch, epoch_time, train_accu, valid_accu))
if valid_accu >= 0.98:
return True
x = []
y = []
with open('nn-data.csv', 'rt') as fp:
for line in fp:
line = line.strip()
if line != "":
v = np.asarray(list(map(float, line.split(','))))
x.append(v[1:])
y.append(v[0])
x = np.asarray(x)
y = np.asarray(y)
num_inputs = len(x[0])
num_outputs = 2
valid_perc = 0.1
tot_samples = len(x)
valid_samples = int(tot_samples * valid_perc)
train_samples = tot_samples - valid_samples
print("loaded %d samples (inputs:%d train:%d validation:%d)" % (tot_samples, num_inputs, train_samples, valid_samples))
x_train = x[:train_samples]
y_train = y[:train_samples]
x_val = x[train_samples:]
y_val = y[train_samples:]
print("training ...")
net = nn.ANN(layers=(
nn.Dense(num_inputs, 150),
nn.ReLU(),
nn.Dense(150, 150),
nn.ReLU(),
nn.Dense(150, 150),
nn.ReLU(),
nn.Dense(150, num_outputs),
nn.ReLU(),
))
net.train(x_train, y_train, x_val, y_val, 1000, epoch_cbs=(on_epoch,))
net.save("test-nn.pkl")
# def train(self, x_train, y_train, x_val, y_val, epochs, batch_size=32, epoch_cbs=()):
# if cb(epoch, epoch_time, train_accu, valid_accu) is True:
"""